Maxillary artery
The maxillary artery ("maxillary artery") is the direct continuation of the external carotid artery ( Arteria carotis externa ) after the exit of the superficial temporal artery ( Arteria temporalis superficialis ) in the area of the head.
After a short course behind the neck of the lower jaw bone and in front of the sphenomandibular ligament, the maxillary artery - initially embedded in the parotid gland - pulls into the pterygopalatine fossa . In humans, it passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle ; in horses and dogs , it passes through the pterygoid canal of the sphenoid bone . In cats the maxillary artery forms a miracle network ( Rete mirabile arteriae maxillaris ), in ruminants it feeds the miracle network located in the cranial cavity ( Rete mirabile epidurale rostrale ).
branch
The maxillary artery supplies a large part of the head and forms anastomoses in the terminal area via the infraorbital artery with the angular artery of the facial artery ( arteria facialis ). The maxillary artery is divided into three sections. The departures vary between mammals.
First section (pars mandibularis)
From the first ( retromandibular ) section arise:
- Arteria auricularis profunda ("deep ear artery") (human)
- Arteria tympanica anterior ("anterior tympanic artery ") (humans, in horses and dogs called arteria tympanica rostralis )
- Arteria meningea media ("middle meningeal artery ") (humans, horses and dogs)
- Arteria alveolaris inferior ("lower dental artery ")
- Arteria meningea accessoryoria ("additional meningeal artery ")
Second section (pars pterygoidea)
From the second ( intermuscular ) section arise:
- Arteria masseterica : branch to the muscle masseter , in animals as the ramus masseterius still emerging from the arteria carotis externa
- Rami pterygoidei : branches on the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
- Arteria temporalis profunda ("deep temporal artery")
- Arteria buccalis ("cheek artery")
In animals, the maxillary artery with the external ophthalmic artery ("external ocular artery") gives off the main vessel to the eye.
Third Section (Pars pterygopalatina)
From the third section (in the pterygopalatine fossa ) arise:
- Sphenopalatine artery
- Arteria palatina descendens ("descending palatal artery")
- Infraorbital artery ("sub-ocular artery ")
- Arteria alveolaris superior posterior ("upper posterior dental artery ") (human)
- Arteria canalis pterygoidei : runs with the nervus canalis pterygoidei through the wing process canal
Individual evidence
- ↑ FCAT - Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology: Terminologia Anatomica. Thieme, Stuttgart et al. 1998, ISBN 3-13-114361-4 .
literature
- Uwe Gille: Cardiovascular and immune system, Angiologia. In: Franz-Viktor Salomon, Hans Geyer, Uwe Gille (Ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 , pp. 404-463.