Ascobolaceae
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| Ascobolaceae | ||||||||||||
| Boud. ex Sacc. |
The Ascobolaceae form a family of mushrooms within the order of the cup-shaped mushrooms .
features
Macroscopic features
As fruiting bodies, the Ascobolaceae form so-called apothecia , rarely also celistothecia . Mostly they are cushion-shaped, fleshy, brightly colored and without bristles.
Microscopic features
The layer between the tubes consists of simply built paraphyses . The tubes are quite wide, opercular and protrude from the fruit layer when ripe . Usually they have an amyloid wall (which can be stained with iodine). The ascospores are arranged in two rows, thick-walled and mostly ornamented. The ornamentation is often species-specific. They often have a thick outer purple to brown colored layer, sometimes with a shell. The Ascobolaceae do not have a stroma .
ecology
The Ascobolaceae are widespread, but especially in areas with a temperate climate. Ascobolaceae are probably all saprobic , the majority of them are coprophilic , so they live on manure . However, some species also live on other organic substrates such as rotten wood or directly on the ground.
Ascobolus carbonarius on burned surfaces
Hoses an unknown Ascobolus -Type
Ascobolus stercorarius after James Sowerby's Colored Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms
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Systematics and taxonomy
The Ascobolaceae were first described in 1884 by Pier Andrea Saccardo in the Botanical Centralblatt . Émile Boudier had already introduced the name before, but had not yet validated it. The Ascobolaceae are the sister family to the cupling relatives , with which they share characteristics such as the amyloid tubes , although some species no longer have this characteristic.
The following genera currently belong to the Ascobolaceae family (December 2016):
swell
literature
- Paul F. Cannon, Paul M. Kirk: Fungal families of the world . CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 20th f . ( available online ).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d Paul F. Cannon, Paul M. Kirk: Fungal families of the world . CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 20th f . ( available ).
- ↑ a b c K. Hansen, DH Pfister: Systematics of the Pezizomycetes - the operculate discomycetes. In: Mycologia . tape 98 , no. 6 , 2014, p. 1029-1040 , doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.1029 .
- ↑ Mycobank: Ascobolaceae . Accessed December 15, 2016 .
- ↑ NCBI: Ascobolaceae . Accessed December 15, 2016 .
Web links
- Funghi Paradise Website by Björn Wergen, head of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show with numerous descriptions of the species of the Ascobolaceae.
