Compensation language
As compensation language or, depending on context, equalization dialect or compensation dialect is referred to in the Linguistics (linguistics) a language or -varietät that mediates between other languages with which it has certain similarities and matching items. These languages are older and already exist when the compensatory language begins to develop. They mostly have a relationship with one another on a non-linguistic level - in the past either because they were spatially adjacent or because populations were mixed or as a result of trade relations, colonial relations or the like.
A compensatory language usually arises when some elements of the older languages are incorporated into it and thereby mix and at the same time new language elements are formed. The latter are often forms of compromise , i.e. new linguistic creations that are located somewhere between their origins, to which there is a certain similarity in every direction. As a rule, some parts of the equalization language are immediately understandable for the speakers of the original languages and otherwise relatively easy to learn. This applies even to those individuals and groups who were not directly involved in the emergence of the equilibrium language, and of course, the more the more similar the original languages were, the more so. For this reason, one often encounters equalizing dialects between relatively closely related dialects of neighboring tribes or population groups.
Examples
The standard German is from the NHG arisen a compensating dialect between an East Middle chancery or written language , the strong participation of Meißener was also created printers and trading firms in return language, and (in theory) all high-German and Low German varieties. It is still spoken with a sound that is very close to Low German, namely roughly the one with which High German, almost a foreign language, was spoken in the Low German Duchy of Hanover.
The Hindustani , which is now in large parts of India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and as official language in Fiji is spoken is, in northern India from the languages Hindi and Urdu developed, which are mutually unintelligible in their written form due to different writing systems, but spoken in their standardized Form behave like almost identical dialects to one another. Hindustani has moved far beyond its original spawning ground out as informal and not yet standardized vernacular spread. It is a balancing language between the local varieties in the dialect continuum from Hindi and Urdu and other closely related languages of the north-west Indian region. The language is also used elsewhere because of its comparative simplicity and has the advantage of religious , cultural and ethnic neutrality.