Car road
A car road is a road on which only vehicles above a certain minimum speed are permitted or on which only certain types of vehicles are permitted. Colloquially, trunk roads that are intended for high-speed cross-regional traffic, but have a lower standard than motorways , are also referred to as motorways or expressways.
National
China
In the People's Republic of China , motorways are called "快速 公路" ( kuaisu gonglu ). They are directionally separated and, with the exception of the speed limit (100 km / h instead of 120 km / h), do not differ from motorways. In contrast to the green signposted motorways, they are, like all other roads, provided with blue signs.
In Hong Kong there are not only real highways but also motorway-like roads that are called expressways (Chinese kuaisu gonglu ), but which, similar to the English dual carriageways , can be used by all vehicles. In contrast to the “real highways”, which are signposted green, they are signposted blue like all other roads in Hong Kong.
Germany
Motorways are called motorways in Germany . These may only be used by vehicles with a design-related maximum speed of more than 60 km / h.
Great Britain
In Great Britain motorways are called dual carriageways . They are mostly directionally separated and have two lanes in each direction, but mostly no hard shoulder. On many routes there are no intersections (plan-free) , but there are also more frequent roundabouts and same- plan intersections. Most dual carriageways are legally conventional roads and may, in contrast to the highways so (Motorways) are used by all vehicles. Like all other main roads, they are signposted in green. Motorways, on the other hand, are signposted in blue.
Netherlands
Motorways are called Autoweg in the Netherlands . These may only be driven on by vehicles with a design-related maximum speed of more than 50 km / h. The maximum permitted speed for cars is 100 km / h. A car route does not have to be plan-free and can only consist of one lane in each direction. Due to the high volume of traffic, highways are to be found in metropolitan areas instead of car routes. In the north, some long-distance routes are set up as motorway-like car routes (e.g. N31 , N33 )
Norway
In Norway there are at least 400 km of official motorways, in Norwegian motortrafikkvei (literally: motor road ) and 150 km of motorways. Some highways have been converted into highways, e.g. B. the E 6 Oslo towards Sweden.
Austria
In Austria, a road may only be used by motor vehicles. As on expressways / motorways , vehicles may only be used on motorways that have a design speed of at least 60 km / h and with which this speed may be exceeded; It is also not allowed to drive against the direction of travel or backwards. Entering and walking on motorways is forbidden; In an emergency, a reflective vest must be worn outside the vehicle. In contrast to expressways / motorways, highways can have intersections and do not need special entrances and exits; only in exceptional cases do they have driveways from adjacent properties. Motorways are automatically priority roads. §46 STVO §47 STVO
In principle, every street can be declared a car street. Usually, bypasses or other roads outside the local area are declared as motorways. The restrictions on use make it necessary for other road users who are not allowed to use the road to be given alternative options. For tractors there are therefore often parallel lanes or separate freight routes.
Sometimes it was only with the introduction of tolls for all motorways and expressways (vulgo for motorways) for motor vehicle drivers who want to avoid the toll that a signposting for alternative routes was set up, which is also useful for pedestrians, cyclists and drivers of those motor vehicles and work machines that are not may be driven on expressways. Sometimes the driving ban for cyclists, mopeds and carts is explicitly signposted at the beginning of a car road.
See also road system in Austria - motorways .
Portugal
There were several motorways in Portugal until 2000. The via rápidas (literally highways ) have been converted since 2000 to 80% in highways. In particular, the IP 5 , or also known as Portugal's death road, was largely converted into a motorway (A 25). Around 30 people died on IP 5 every year . Since it became the Autobahn, that number has dropped dramatically. In many cases the roads are old and often have potholes. The speed limit is 80 to 100 km / h.
Sweden
In Sweden a car road is called motortrafikled . Many motor graphic leathers do not cross, but have only one lane (specially signposted) per direction. In 1990 there were at least 500 km of it, but many stretches have now been converted into motorways. Some of the others have been converted to "2 + 1" roads, i.e. one lane in one direction and two in the other direction, this arrangement changing after a few kilometers and the directional lanes being separated from one another by guard rails.
Switzerland
A motor road that fulfills a supraregional function is laid out in the sense of a 2nd class national road like motorways without intersections, but in contrast to motorways seldom separate in direction and often single-lane. Well-known motorways of this type are the San Bernardino route (part of the A13 ) or the first section of the pass between Airolo and the Gotthard Pass and the Gotthard tunnel (part of the A2 ). The signage is the same as on motorways (green signs, exit advance notice, distance information to the nearest cities after the entrance).
In addition, there are streets which are marked as motorways, but which cannot be distinguished from a street with mixed traffic in terms of character. There, the autostrasse fulfills the function of a street in which non-motorized traffic is excluded. These mainly include motorway feeders .
In Switzerland, motorways are generally only permitted for motor vehicles with a minimum speed of 80 km / h, quads are always prohibited. Accordingly, the license plate for the motorway is similar to that for the motorway; instead of two lanes with a bridge, the front of a car is shown in white on a green background. Motor roads of national highway network are vignette charge .
Until 1989, the maximum speed on motorways was the same as on roads out of town with mixed traffic. When the maximum speed was reduced from 100 km / h to 80 km / h on extra-urban roads in 1984, many motorways kept their maximum speed signal “100 km / h” or they were set up later. In 1989 the Road Traffic Act was adapted by regulating the maximum speed on motorways separately. It is still 100 km / h today. The maximum speed is generally always signaled out of consideration for foreign road users (in the surrounding countries, a car road has no influence on the permitted maximum speed), although there are exceptions (e.g. the road from Airolo to the Gotthard Pass). A maximum speed of 80 km / h is common on routes with tunnel sections.
The Roveredo bypass was opened in November 2016 . Instead of going through the middle of the community, the A13 traffic now runs through a tunnel. For the first time in the history of the Swiss autobahn and road, a piece of the road is being dismantled.
See also : List of motorways in Switzerland
Slovakia
In Slovakia , the road sign is mostly used to mark expressways or, in some cases, state roads. In addition, single-lane motorways are shown with road signs. There is no legal difference between a motorway and a motor road.
Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic there are several multi-lane roads with separate directions, which, as in Germany and Austria, are marked with a blue sign with a white car front and, like motorways, only vehicles that can drive faster than 80 km / h due to their design. In many cases they lack a hard shoulder and in some cases have smaller curve radii and smaller lane widths. The maximum speed on these roads is 110 km / h (130 km / h on motorways) outside urban areas and 80 km / h in urban areas. However, if a route designed in this way is not marked as a car road, the maximum permissible speed is 90 km / h outside the town and 50 km / h inside town.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ RIS - Convention on Road Traffic Signs - Consolidated Federal Law, version dated August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018 .
- ↑ theguardian.com
- ↑ Simple query servant, maximum speed on motorways , answer from the Federal Council.
- ↑ ssc.sk (PDF)