Azospirillum
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Tarrand et al. 1979 |
Azospirillum are bacteria and form a genus within the family of Rhodospirillaceae . The prefix “azo-” is derived from the French “azote” (nitrogen). They are regarded as nitrogen binders ( diazotrophy ) and continue to strongly promote the formation of roots and roots in plants so that they can absorb more water. A symbiotic or associative symbiotic coexistence between bacteria and plants is obvious.
The following representatives are appointed:
- Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck 1925) Tarrand et al. 1979
- Azospirillum brasilense corr. Tarrand et al. 1979
- Azospirillum amazonense Magalhães et al. 1984
In 1999, Brazilian genetic researchers examined a total of 5 of the then 6 known representatives in greater detail using the pulse-field gel electrophoresis method.
In 2006, Pakistani researchers were able to identify a common occurrence of the individual representatives according to sea level.
For the representative brasilense, very intensive studies have been carried out on his movement behavior.
Agricultural aspects and use
The effect on the entire plant growth is comparable in its dimensions to that of fertilization with nitrogen and can therefore replace it. This goes hand in hand with a generally greater robustness, even in more critical growing areas. By saving fertilizer, the drinking water of the cultivation region could still be noticeably relieved of the corresponding contamination. Research has shown, however, that not every soil and every environment can reproduce the effect equally well.
In recent times they have been used increasingly in agriculture. In the meantime, they are used specifically in combination with materials such as coal and organic waste to obtain terra preta for the upgrading of soils in rainforest areas. Its representatives often have names that refer to regions of South America in which terra preta can also be found. The very positive results of agriculture in this combination - bacterium and bio-mass - could be due to the good suitability of the added coal in porous form and thus as a possible good long-term carrier for the bacterium, even over very changeable rainy and dry periods away.
The production of bio-fertilizer packages on this basis, mostly delivered on carbon-containing carrier materials and sealed airtight in plastic bags, is already being used commercially today. B. practiced in the Philippines or in India. Typical figures promise to halve the costs of conventional fertilizers. A large-scale bacterial inoculation of the arable land, on the other hand, costs only a fraction of the amount saved.
Web links
- Organic fertilizer in the Philippines
- Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Part: Genus Azospirillum. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved August 26, 2014 .
- The random walk of Azospirillum brasilense Kevin Flores, KP Hadeler; Journal of Biological Dynamics, March 5, 2009 (English)
- Genome Structure of the Genus Azospirillum Journal of Bacteriology, Received 28 December 1999 / Accepted 24 April 2000
- Altitudinal variation in Azospirillum Species Collected Asghari Bano, Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2006