Citizen Hunt

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Citizen hunt historically describes a situation in Europe in which the citizens resident in a municipality held the subjective hunting right or in which the hunt was practiced by citizens and not by the nobility as is usual .

history

General

The hunting rack was originally ( lat. Iura regalia , 'royal rights') an expression of the sovereignty and privileges of a king or another sovereign. Wildlife and hunting species that the nobility particularly valued were also highlighted. The hunt for deer or wild boar was reserved for the high nobility (Hohe Jagd), and pickling was also a special privilege. Small game, on the other hand, was allowed to be hunted by other groups of people earlier (low hunt). Hunting songbirds and setting traps (see Leipzig larks ) was much less controversial. The rulers initially enforced high hunting in demarcated areas, such as the royal forest . Likewise, the rest of the nobility set corresponding privileges in their respective areas. In the peasant wars , the reduction of these extended hunting rights was one of the central demands of the farmers who wanted to defend themselves against damage caused by game. After its violent suppression, it was reinstated by the nobility as their prerogative in the 16th and 17th centuries, while at the same time trying to refuse the peasants to carry weapons.

Field damage caused by driven and dragged hunts, the associated compulsory labor and the simultaneous ban on forest hats were the subject of controversy at the beginning of the 16th century. The hunting of the nobility also caused immense game damage through excessive game densities . Hunting and trapping by farmers and citizens were punished as poaching . The reaction, however, led to the founding of the Bundschuh in Speyer in 1502. In the peasant wars as well as in the French Revolution there were demands for the hunting to be released.

As a result of the revolution of 1848 , the hunting registers of the nobility were finally abolished in all of Germany and every citizen was allowed to hunt on their property.

Regional citizen hunts

A very rare example in Germany is the citizen hunt in the Westphalian city of Lübbecke between the 16th and 19th centuries. It regularly led to conflicts with the aristocracy , who tried several times to prevent civil hunting in the Feldmark. In addition, the accusation was raised that the citizenry was not capable of a proper hunt. In 1780 it was even found on the princely side that the pursuit of hunting enticed the common citizens, professionals and artisans in the cities only to idleness, thus discouraging them from the industriousness necessary to warn their trade, whereby they easily become useless members of the state.

A citizen hunt was also common in the Gotha area . Since 1717 the citizens there had the right to hunt in the town hall and in the area around Kindleben .

today

In the community forest of Hümmel, there has been a model of self-directed hunting, referred to by those responsible as citizen hunt, which gives every inhabitant of the community with a hunting license a hunting opportunity in the community forest and was described by the forester responsible at the time, Peter Wohlleben, as granting an old civil right.

Literary reception

Historically, bourgeois hunting has often been the subject of ridicule and criticism, including the story Die Bürgerjagd, Bambocciade , written by Ludwig Storch in Vormärz . Accordingly, the objective and subjective meaning of the word must be clearly distinguished when using the term citizen hunt. According to Storch, one could otherwise believe that the rabbits were hunters, or that good citizens were even cattle that could be hunted , but that respectable German citizens and peaceful German hares would seriously guard against such disruptions of order , not only in the fictitious Plundersweiler .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ KW Hahn: The Prussian Hunting Law . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Georg Philipp Aderholz, Breslau 1848, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10551431-4 .
  2. ↑ Martin P. Schennach: Hunting law, poaching and "good policey": Norms and their implementation in early modern Tyrol (=  studies on policey and police science ). 1st edition. Vittorio Klostermann, 2007, ISBN 978-3-465-04023-1 , ISSN  1612-7730 .
  3. ↑ Haseder: p. 392
  4. ↑ Haseder: p. 396
  5. ↑ Christian Ammer, Torsten Vor, Thomas Knoke, Stefan Wagner: The forest-wild conflict - analysis and solution approaches against the background of legal, ecological and economic contexts (=  Göttinger Forstwissenschaften . Volume 5 ). Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-941875-84-5 , p. 9 , doi : 10.17875 / gup2010-280 ( archive.org [PDF; accessed January 20, 2019]).
  6. ↑ Helmut Hüffmann: The magistrate and citizen hunt of the city of Lübbecke . In: Historical Association for the Grafschaft Ravensberg e. V. (Ed.): Annual report of the historical association for the Grafschaft Ravensberg , Volume 80, 1992/93, pp. 45-61, dispute over the Lübbecker Bürgerjagd , abridged version , accessed on February 14, 2014.
  7. ^ Helmut Hüffmann: Dispute about the Lübbecker Bürgerjagd | City history. (No longer available online.) In: Stadt Lübbecke. December 10, 2007, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on January 22, 2020 .
  8. ↑ August Beck: History of the City of Gotha (=  History of the Gothaic Land . Volume 2 ). 2nd Edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2001, ISBN 978-3-932554-99-5 , p. 67, 69 (Original title: History of the City of Gotha . Gotha 1870.).
  9. ↑ Walter Schmidt: "Preferably only forest rangers". (No longer available online.) In: taz.de. February 22, 2014, archived from the original on March 9, 2018 ; accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Peter Wohlleben, 2013: The forest - an obituary: How the forest works, why we need it and how we can save it - a forester explains. Publishing house Ludwig. ISBN 3-641-09127-6 , ISBN 978-3-641-09127-9 . ( online )
  11. ↑ Marianne Quoirin: Last rest under a beech. (No longer available online.) In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. November 18, 2005, archived from the original on January 22, 2020 ; accessed on January 22, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Ludwig Storch: Nepenthes: Latest novels and stories . tape 2 . Hoffmann'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1841, Die Bürgerjagd. Bambocciade, S. 189 ff ., urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10120849-9 .