BDŽ series 05
| BDŽ series 05 (until 1942 series 07) | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Numbering: | BDŽ 05.01 - 05.05 |
| Number: | 5 |
| Manufacturer: | Croup , food |
| Year of construction (s): | 1941 |
| Retirement: | until 1979 |
| Axis formula : | 2'C1 'h3 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 22,755 mm |
| Height: | 4,580 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 11,500 mm |
| Wheelbase with tender: | 19,405 mm |
| Service mass: | 100.7 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 171.7 t |
| Friction mass: | 52.5 t |
| Top speed: | 120 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,850 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 1,000 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 1,250 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger |
| Number of cylinders: | 3 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 470 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 16 bar |
| Grate area: | 4.87 m² |
| Superheater area : | 79.0 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 214.0 m² |
| Tender: | 2'2 ' |
| Service weight of the tender: | 71.0 t |
| Water supply: | 28.3 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 13 t |
| Brake: | Westinghouse air brake handbrake |
| Control: | Heusinger |
The steam locomotives of the BDŽ class 05 (initially referred to as the class 07 for a short time) were procured by the Bulgarian state railway BDŽ as part of their standard program in 1941. The tender locomotives with the 2'C1 'wheel arrangement (type " Pacific ") were intended for express train traffic. They were built by the German locomotive factory Krupp.
history
At the end of the 1920s, the BDŽ, inspired by the standard steam locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , decided in future to base their procurement on their building principles. Essential elements of the new series 01 , 02 and 10 and 46 , initially acquired from 1931 , were the abandonment of the compound steam engine typical of Bulgarian locomotives in favor of simpler twin and triple designs as well as largely standardized boiler designs and fittings.
In 1939, the BDŽ finally established its own standard locomotive program. Of the series introduced so far, only series 46 and 48 should be ordered. Due to the positive experience with the class 02, which was designed as a three-cylinder locomotive, all classes, with the exception of the shunting locomotives, were planned as three-cylinder locomotives. The following series were planned for procurement in the future:
- 2'D1 'steam locomotive with a tender for express and passenger trains , BD® class 03
- 2'C1 'steam locomotive with a tender for express and express trains, BDŽ class 07
- 2'E steam locomotive with a tender for heavy passenger and freight trains, BD® class 11
- 1'C2 'tank locomotive for passenger trains on branch lines
- 1'D2 'tank locomotive for express and passenger trains on short routes, BDŽ class 36
- 1'E2 'tank locomotive for freight trains on branch lines
- 1'F2 'tank locomotive for heavy freight trains, BDŽ class 46
- C1 'tank locomotive for station services
- D1 'tank locomotive for shunting services, BD® class 48
Due to the outbreak of the Second World War , the BDŽ procurement program was only partially implemented and only a part of the nine planned series was procured between 1941 and 1943. A total of 52 locomotives of the 03, 05/07, 11, 36 and 46 series came to the BDŽ, after the war three more locomotives of the 48 series followed. In the absence of their own locomotive factories, all locomotives were designed and supplied by German manufacturers.
The Bulgarian railway network in the mountainous country is characterized by long ramp routes and demanding train transport tasks. In the case of high-speed trains, therefore, it was less a question of high speeds than of good friction conditions. With the series 01 and 02, the BDŽ already had locomotives that were suitable for use in front of heavy express trains on mountain routes. The 03 series was to replace them. There was, however, an increasing need for higher speeds and the use of lighter and faster trains. The class 07 should take over these tasks and take over trains of a planned express service offer.
The construction of the 07 series was based on the model of the DR series 03.10 , dispensing with its streamlined cladding and with slightly smaller drive wheels. At 1,850 mm, it is still the largest drive wheel of all steam locomotives ever built for the BD®. In contrast to the other locomotives in the Bulgarian standard program, their boiler is somewhat smaller. The boiler was based on the building principles of the German standard locomotives, but was given a comparatively large grate surface in order to use local coal with a lower calorific value .
Krupp delivered the five locomotives with the serial numbers 2459 to 2463 in 1941. They were initially classified by the BDŽ with the company numbers 07.01 to 07.05. Further locomotives had been ordered; the numbers 07.06 to 07.20 were already planned for 15 locomotives. In the German Reich, however, in the course of the war-economy concentration of production, the conversion to exclusive production of war locomotives was operated. The war economy saw no more space for small export series. In July 1942, the Main Committee on Rail Vehicles , headed by Gerhard Degenkolb , ordered a restriction of the vehicle catalog still permitted for German locomotive factories to three steam locomotive types for mainline railways . Only vehicles that had already started could still be finished, with Bulgaria still receiving preferential treatment as an ally of the Third Reich .
In the course of the annexation of the southern part of the Yugoslavian Banschaft Vardar , today's North Macedonia , during the Second World War, the BDŽ also took over 90 locomotives from the JDŽ in use around Skopje . These included 29 of the JDŽ series 01 , a 1'C1'h4 express locomotive procured from 1922. These were classified as class 07, since the series scheme of the BDŽ offered little more space, the new Pacifics were given the class 05. At the end of the war Bulgaria had to return the Yugoslav locomotives, but the numbering of the Pacifics was retained.
All five locomotives survived the war and were used by the BDŽ in front of lighter express trains after 1945. They mainly hauled express and passenger trains between Stara Sagora and Burgas . The series was retired by the end of the 1970s.
The first class 05 locomotive built, the 05.01, has been preserved as an operational museum locomotive of the BDŽ and is used for special trips.
literature
- Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-85416-150-6
- AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe , David & Charles, Newton Abbot, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 44
- ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 58
- ^ A b A. E. Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe , David & Charles, Newton Abbot, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8 , p. 67
- ^ AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe , David & Charles, Newton Abbot, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8 , p. 68
- ^ Alfred B. Gottwaldt : German War Locomotives 1939-1945: Locomotives, Wagons, Armored Trains and Railway Guns , 3rd edition, Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-440-05160-9 , p. 50
- ^ AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe , David & Charles, Newton Abbot, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8 , p. 69
- ↑ cf. For example, the report on a special trip in Lok-Report 10/2013, p. 46 ff.