SDŽ 121 to 126
| SDŽ 121 to 126 kukHB 10.100 kukHB 810 SDŽ / SHS 1001 to 1120 JDŽ / JŽ 01 BDŽ series 07 |
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| Numbering: | SDŽ 121 to 126 kukHB 10.100 to 102 kukHB 810.001 to 003 SDŽ / SHS 1001 to 1120 JDŽ / JŽ 01-001 to 01-126 BDŽ 07-01 to 07-29 |
| Number: | 126 |
| Manufacturer: | Berliner Maschinenbau-Actien-Gesellschaft formerly L. Schwartzkopff , Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe |
| Year of construction (s): | 1912, 1922-23 |
| Retirement: | until 1985 |
| Axis formula : | 1'C1 'h4 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 20,570 mm |
| Empty mass: | 60.0 t |
| Service mass: | 67.0 t |
| Friction mass: | 43.7 t |
| Top speed: | 90 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,850 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 1,050 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 1,050 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger |
| Number of cylinders: | 4th |
| Cylinder diameter: | 550 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 650 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 12 kg / cm² |
| Grate area: | 3.0 m² |
| Superheater area : | 38.6 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 126.5 m² |
The locomotives of the series SDZ 121 to 126 (from 1930 jdz 01 and 1954 as JŽ 01 hereinafter), were express - steam locomotives the Serb state railway Srpske državne železnice . Six copies of them were initially procured in 1912 for the State Railways of the Kingdom of Serbia . After the First World War , the railways of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SHS) received a further 120 copies of this series as part of the reparations deliveries from Germany in the years 1922 to 1923. The total of 126 specimens represented the most extensive series of steam express locomotives from 1930 as državne Yugoslav Railways operating under the name State Railway of Yugoslavia . They were used until the mid-1980s, most recently in passenger train traffic.
history
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Serbian State Railways (SDŽ) only procured replicas of series of other state railways, with a few exceptions, for cost reasons, such as the Saxon V from 1885 or slightly modified replicas of the kkStB 180 in 1907. From 1910, the SDŽ began with the development of our own series in order to become more independent of foreign developments. The increasing train weights, especially of the express trains, resulted in a particular need for a powerful express train locomotive, among other things to haul the Orient Express . Together with specialists from the Berliner Maschinenbau-Actien-Gesellschaft formerly L. Schwartzkopff , the mechanical engineering department of the SD® developed two variants of an express locomotive with the “Prairie” wheel arrangement . The introduction of hot steam into the locomotive had not yet fully established at this time, so the SDZ procured for an eight copies as wet steam - composite steam locomotives with the numbers SDZ 151-158 , on the other six steam-Vierling locomotives with the numbers 121 to 126. All locomotives were delivered in 1912. In the comparison tests, the superheated steam variant proved to be significantly more efficient. Before the outbreak of the First World War, however, no decisions were made regarding further procurement.
After the end of the war there was an urgent need for new locomotives for the now considerably larger route network of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes formed from Serbia and parts of the Danube Monarchy. In the context of the reparation obligations imposed in accordance with the Versailles Treaty , Schwartzkopff and the Maschinenfabrik Karlsruhe therefore delivered a further 120 units of the superheated steam variant in 1922 and 1923, which were classified as SHS / SD® 1001 to 1120. Schwartzkopff delivered 101 pieces, the remaining 19 came from Karlsruhe. The locomotives hauled all important express train services in Yugoslavia, including the Simplon-Orient-Express, until the delivery of the standard locomotives of the JDŽ 05 and JDŽ 06 series . In 1933, the now Yugoslav State Railways (JDŽ) introduced a new numbering scheme based on the model of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft , the 126 copies were given the new series designation as JDŽ 01, the wet steam variant was classified as JDŽ 04.
The successful introduction of streamlined locomotives from the beginning of the 1930s in Germany, Great Britain and the USA and the associated acceleration of express trains led to smaller railway companies also becoming interested in such locomotives. However, the development and construction of these locomotives were financially and technically demanding. Like the Nederlandse Spoorwegen with the NS series 3700 , the JDŽ also tried their luck with converting existing locomotives. The locomotive 01-101 received streamlining in 1936 for use in front of a train running between Zagreb and Belgrade , which was called Leteći Beogradjanin (Flying Belgrade). Before the train, the locomotive reached a speed of 122 km / h in 1937, without a train even 146 km / h, although it still ran smoothly thanks to the four-wheel drive. The lack of measurement technology and the condition of the route in the JDŽ network, which only allowed higher speeds on short sections, meant that these tests were stopped. No other locomotive was converted accordingly, the 01-101 lost its fairing again after a few years.
As a result of the Balkan campaign of the German armed forces , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was smashed, in addition to the nominally independent vassal states Croatia and Serbia , parts of the country came to the German Empire and the neighboring states of Bulgaria , Hungary and Italy, allied with it . The Yugoslav railway network and rolling stock were divided accordingly. 29 of the class 01 locomotives came to Bulgaria, which they classified as class 07. Since the railway network in the Bulgarian-occupied part, which roughly corresponded to today's North Macedonia , had no connection with the rest of the BDŽ network , the locomotives remained on their previous routes around Skopje . Three locomotives were taken over by the Italian FS , the newly founded Croatian state railway HDŽ received 44 pieces, the remaining locomotives remained in Serbia. After the end of the war, the locomotives came back into Yugoslav ownership.
After the end of the Second World War, a copy of the series was found in Austria, the 01-102, but soon had to be returned to Yugoslavia. At the end of the 1950s there were still 93 pieces in the inventory of the Yugoslav railways, which had been trading as Jugoslovenske Železnice (JŽ) since 1954 and consisted of five directorates. With 56 pieces, more than half belonged to the Belgrade Directorate, nine to the Zagreb Directorate and 28 to the Skopje Directorate. They were mainly used in passenger train service after the high-quality express trains had mostly passed to the 05 series and the first new diesel locomotives. The locomotives only carried high quality services east of Belgrade. Until about 1966, the locomotives hauled express trains between Niš and Dimitrovgrad , the border station to Bulgaria, and until 1968 between Skopje and Gevgelija , the border station to Greece . With the increasing electrification of the network and the procurement of large series of American diesel locomotives , the 01 series locomotives were gradually phased out in the 1960s and 1970s. The last five copies remained in service in eastern Serbia until 1985 and were used in front of passenger trains from Zaječar .
Preserved locomotives
The 01 series was preserved in several copies, mostly as inoperable museum locomotives. Only 01-088 is kept operational in Belgrade for use in front of special trains. Other inoperable locomotives are the 01-019 in Lapovo , the 01-035 in Niš, the 01-043 in Fushë Kosova / Kosovo Polje , the 01-070 in Subotica , the 01-074 in Ljubljana and the 01-121 in Niš-Crveni krst.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Locomotive statistics Pospichal, JDZ 01 , accessed on September 16, 2017
- ↑ Istorija Vozoljubitelji Srbije (Serbian), accessed on September 16, 2017
- ↑ Werner Sölch: Orient Express. The heyday and decline and rebirth of a luxury train. 4th edition. Alba, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-87094-173-1 , p. 204
literature
- Tadej Bratè: The steam locomotives of Yugoslavia . Slezak publishing house, Vienna 1971, ISBN 3-900134-01-4
- AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe. David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1972, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8
Web links
- Kosrail.de: Railway in Kosovo, JŽ 01
- Locomotive statistics Pospichal: kukHB 810 , accessed on July 25, 2018.