BDŽ series 01

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BDŽ series 01
(until 1936: series 8,000)
Numbering: BDŽ 01.01 - 01.13 (until 1936 8.002 - 8.014), 01.14 - 01.23
Number: 23
Manufacturer: Hanomag , Hannover
Fablok , Chrzanów
Henschel , Kassel
Borsig , Berlin
SLM , Winterthur
Year of construction (s): 1930-35
Retirement: until 1979
Axis formula : 1'D1 'h2
Gauge : 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Length over buffers: 22,400 mm
Height: 4,580 mm
Total wheelbase: 11,500 mm
Wheelbase with tender: 18,550 / 18,950 mm
Service mass: 99.3 t
Service mass with tender: 164.6 / 168.8 t
Friction mass: 68.0 t
Top speed: 90 km / h
Driving wheel diameter: 1,650 mm
Impeller diameter front: 850 mm
Rear wheel diameter: 1,250 mm
Control type : Heusinger
Number of cylinders: 2
Cylinder diameter: 640 mm
Piston stroke: 700 mm
Boiler overpressure: 16 bar
Grate area: 4.87 m²
Superheater area : 83.9 m²
Evaporation heating surface: 224.1 m²
Tender: 2'2 '
Service weight of the tender: 65.3 / 69.5 t
Water supply: 28/30 m³
Fuel supply: 10/11 t
Brake: Westinghouse
air brake handbrake
Control: Heusinger

The vehicles of the BDŽ series 01 were the first steam locomotives procured by the Bulgarian state railway BDŽ as part of its standard program from 1931 . The locomotives with a tender with the 1'D1 'wheel arrangement (type " Mikado ") were intended for express train traffic. They were built by various locomotive factories in Germany , Poland and Switzerland . Since the copies produced in Switzerland were paid for in Bulgarian tobacco as part of a barter , they were nicknamed Tobacco Locomotives there .

history

At the end of the 1920s, the BDŽ, inspired by the standard steam locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , decided in future to base their procurement on their building principles. Essential elements of the new series 01, 02 and 10 and 46 , initially acquired from 1931, were the abandonment of the compound steam engine typical of Bulgarian locomotives in favor of simpler twin and triple designs as well as largely standardized boiler designs and fittings. Since there was no manufacturer of steam locomotives in Bulgaria, all locomotives were designed and constructed in various European, but mainly German, factories. Specific requirements of the operation in Bulgaria were taken into account, so the Bulgarian locomotives were given significantly larger grate areas compared to German standard series in order to be able to use the local hard coal with a relatively low calorific value.

The later series 01 was designed and procured as the first series according to the new building principles. The first three copies were made by Hanomag in Hanover. The locomotives with the Hanomag factory numbers 10678 to 10680 were initially delivered under the road numbers 8.002 to 8.004. A class 8.01 1'D steam locomotive with a tender (designated class 17 from 1936), which was originally built by Henschel in 1912 and was extensively reconstructed and provided with a trailing axle in 1928 after a major accident, was already in the 8.001 class (designated class 18 from 1936) was. It is not certain whether the series was also designed by Hanomag, even if this manufacturer had already designed and delivered locomotives for Bulgaria several times. Schwartzkopff is also occasionally suspected as a design company . In accordance with the requirements of the basic principles, essential parts of the locomotives were identical to the following series. The boiler was identical in construction to the boilers in the BDŽ series 02, 10 and 46. The BDŽ received its first series deliveries just one year later. After Hanomag had given up locomotive construction in the wake of the global economic crisis , the Polish manufacturer Fablok received its first export order. With the serial numbers 455 to 464, a total of 10 locomotives came from Chrzanów in 1931 . They were classified under the numbers 8.005 to 8.0014, from 1936 as 01.04 to 01.13. Compared to the pre-series, the locomotives were given a slightly longer tender with a larger capacity of water and coal.

Further deliveries came to Bulgaria in 1935, the total of 10 locomotives delivered that year were distributed among three other manufacturers. Borsig and Henschel each delivered two copies, which were already designated as 01.14 and .15 (Borsig factory numbers 14565 and 14566) or 01.16 and .17 (Henschel factory numbers 22598 and 22599) according to the new numbering system of the BD®. The third manufacturer, the Swiss Lokomotiv- und Maschinenfabrik in Winterthur, was exceptional . The SLM had completed its last steam locomotive deliveries to the SBB in 1917 with the SBB C 5/6 . Since then, SLM had mainly produced electric locomotives . As part of a clearing agreement between Switzerland and the Kingdom of Bulgaria, the delivery of the six locomotives by SLM was offset against the delivery of Bulgarian tobacco . In Switzerland, the locomotives were nicknamed tobacco locomotives . Swiss tobacco traders advertised with posters showing one of the locomotives. The Bulgarian 01 was the largest type of steam locomotive ever made in Switzerland.

The locomotives were used from 1930 onwards in front of the most important BDŽ trains, including the Orient Express . The triple version of the 01, the BDŽ series 02, which was procured from 1934 in a total of five copies, also hauled the Orient Express.

In the standardized locomotive program of the BDŽ, which was revised and finally determined in 1939, neither the class 01 nor its triple variant 02 were taken into account. The 2'D1 'tender locomotives of the BDŽ class 03 and the 2'C1' tender locomotives of the BDŽ class 05 were intended as successors for express train traffic. Due to the Second World War , only a few copies of the 03 and 05 series were delivered.

All 23 locomotives of the 01 series survived the war and were still used by the BDŽ on its most important routes after 1945. From around 1950, some of the locomotives were fired with Masut . Most recently they hauled express and passenger trains on the main line towards Turkey between Plovdiv and Svilengrad . The series was taken out of service by 1979, although some copies were placed as a strategic reserve in Asenowo near Gorna Orjachowiza .

At least two class 01 locomotives have been preserved, both from the SLM delivery series. The 01.23 has belonged to the BDŽ as an operational museum locomotive since 1988 , the 01.22 was brought back to its country of origin Switzerland in 2006 and is to be refurbished in an operational state there. The locomotive belongs to a private person and was at Vapeur Val-de-Travers in St. Sulpice until 2012 . Since then she has been in the care of the 241.A.65 club in Full-Reuenthal , which also looks after the operational SNCF 241.A.65 . Further copies of the series were still in Asenowo until at least 2004.

literature

  • Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-85416-150-6

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 44
  2. ↑ Comparison of the 01 series with the DR series 41 and the JDŽ 06 at www.voisin.ch (accessed on May 2, 2013)
  3. ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 38
  4. ↑ History of the 01 series on tabaklok.ch (accessed on May 2, 2013)
  5. ↑ Tobacco trade on tabaklok.ch (accessed on May 2, 2013)
  6. ↑ Series 01 on tabaklok.ch (accessed on May 2, 2013)
  7. ↑ Werner Sölch: Orient Express. The heyday and decline of a luxury train. 4th edition, Alba Verlag, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-87094-173-1 , p. 197 ff.
  8. ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 58
  9. ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 84
  10. ↑ Harald Navé: Steam locomotives in Central and Eastern Europe , Franckhsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-440-04368-1 , p. 27
  11. ↑ a b Strategic Reserve Asenovo on tabaklok.ch