Gorna Oryachovitsa

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Gorna Orjachowiza (Горна Оряховица)
Coat of arms of Gorna Orjachowitsa
Gorna Orjachowiza (Bulgaria)
Gorna Oryachovitsa
Gorna Oryachovitsa
Basic data
State : BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria
Oblast : Veliko Tarnovo
Residents : 29,841  (December 31, 2016)
Area : 21 km²
Population density 1,421 inhabitants / km²
Coordinates : 43 ° 8 '  N , 25 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 8 '0 "  N , 25 ° 42' 0"  E
Height : 218 m
Postal code : 5100
Telephone code : (+359) 0618
License plate : BT
administration
Mayor : Dobromir Dobrev
Website : www.g-oryahovica.org
Gorna Oryahovitsa, panorama.JPG
Gorna Orjachowiza in Bulgaria - neighboring towns: Veliko Tarnowo , Bjala , Russe , Razgrad , Popowo , Targovishte , Kotel , Sliven , Kazanlak , Gabrovo , Trojan , Pleven , Levski , Swishtov , Nikopol

Gorna Orjachowiza ( Bulgar .: Горна Оряховица ) is a city in northern Bulgaria in the Veliko Tarnovo Oblast . The city lies between the cities of Veliko Tarnovo and Dolna Orjachowiza . Veliko Tarnovo is 6 km southwest, Dolna Orjachowiza 6 km northwest and Arbanasi 4 km from Gorna Orjachowiza. The Jantra River flows past the northern outskirts. The river bank is 93 m above sea level in the local area. The highest point in the city, the Kamaka area , is 412 m above sea level.

Gorna Orjachowiza is the administrative center of the municipality of the same name and after Veliko Tarnowo the second largest city in the Veliko Tarnowo Oblast.

geography

The city is located on the northern foothills of the Balkan Mountains , which merge into the Danube Plain to the north .

The Pan-European Transport Corridor No. 9, which connects Northern and Eastern Europe via the Balkan Peninsula with Asia Minor, runs through the municipality of Gorna Orjachowiza.

The way to the land of Hyperborea (near the Urals ), to the Hyperboreans, also led via Gorna Oryachowitsa. This route led from Albania and Macedonia via Gorna Orjachowiza on to Russe .

The distance to the capital Sofia is 230 km, to Varna, to the largest Bulgarian port city on the Black Sea, 220 km, to Russe in the north on the Danube with the only Danube bridge to Romania until 2012, 100 km.

history

Early history

The first traces of settlement in the region date from the second half of the 5th millennium BC. BC, the Middle Stone Age.

Traces of a Thracian settlement, found between the hills of Kamaka and Arbanashko Plato , date from a later period . The inhabitants, from the Keobise tribe (Bulgarian кробизи), built the fortress Kamaka, which was built from the 5th to the 1st century BC. Existed. The Romans have 768 BC. Their fortress built on the ruins of the fortress Kamaka. The settlement experienced an economic boom, mainly due to wine growing and wine production. The settlement existed until the arrival of the Slavs in the 6th and 7th centuries AD. There are no traces of sedentary life in this region from the period between the 7th and 12th centuries AD.

middle Ages

After the re-establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185, there was a need to protect the new capital Tarnowgrad ( Veliko Tarnowo ). To this end, some fortresses were built, including the Rachowez fortress , which is 4 km northwest of today's Gorna Orjachowiza.

The name Rachowez probably comes from the Persian word "Rach" (German: way). Rachowez means something like "fortress on the way". The name Rachowez can therefore be etymologically associated with the language of the Proto-Bulgarians .

The medieval fortress Rachowez also gave its name to Gorna Orjachowiza, even if Orjachowiza has been modified a bit and sounds Slavic. "Gorna" means "upper" in German, ie "Upper Orjachowiza", while the neighboring Dolna Orjachowiza could be translated as "Lower Orjachowiza".

The Ottomans only succeeded in conquering the fortress after they had cut off the water supply to the fortress. The fortress was not destroyed during the conquest and remained until 1444. Wladyslaw III. of Poland and Hungary destroyed the fortress on his campaign against the Ottomans. The first written mention of the settlement of the same name comes from this time. During the first years of Ottoman rule there were a total of three settlements next to the fortress: Mala Orjachowiza (Little Oryachowiza); Sredna-Orjachowiza (Middle Oryachowiza) and Goljama Oryachowiza (Great Oryachowiza).

Another medieval Bulgarian fortress with a similar name - Rachovnik - can be found in the Republic of Macedonia in Debar .

With a decree ( Ferman ) of the Ottoman Sultan of 1538 Garona Orjachowiza received the right to operate trade and craft. During this time leather processing, wool weaving, iron processing and goldsmithing flourished in the city. The city became a major trading center.

Bulgarian rebirth

St. Nicholas Church

Gorna Orjachowiza played an important role during the Bulgarian Revival . The first Bulgarian monastery school was opened here as early as 1822 . In 1859 Ivan Momchilow , the father of the architect Petko Momchilow , built a Bulgarian school with normal classes (today the "Georgi Ismirliew" high school). In 1869 the first Tschitalischte was opened in the city. In 1868 Gorna Orjachowiza became the center of the Nahiya , an Ottoman administrative unit that roughly corresponds to a municipality. The Nahiya Gorna Orjachowiza was subordinate to the higher administrative unit, the Sanjak Tarnowo, which corresponds roughly to a circle.

In 1870 Gorna Orjachowiza received city rights.

The city's population took an active part in the struggle for national independence of the Bulgarians from the Ottomans.

Vasil Levski organized a revolutionary committee in the city in the first half of 1869. During the preparations for the April uprising (1876) Gorna Orjachowiza was appointed the center of the First Revolutionary District under the direction of Stefan Stambolow . After the suppression of the April Uprising by the Ottomans, one of the local leaders, Georgi Ismirliev - Macedoncheto - called "the Macedonians", was hanged by the Ottomans in the center of the city.

During the Russo-Ottoman War (1877–1878) , Russian troops captured the city on June 26, 1877. At that time the city had 5700 inhabitants, 1200 houses, 5 churches and 6 schools.

The city's first hospital was opened in 1895.

After the station opened in 1899, the population increased significantly. 20% of the working population were employed by the Bulgarian Railway . Even today, Gorna Orjachowiza is an important railway hub in Bulgaria and one of the largest in northern Bulgaria.

In 1922 a sample fair began to be held every year, from 1925 as the International Sample Fair, which was then moved to Plovdiv in 1932, where the Plovdiv International Fair still takes place every year.

economy

Gorna Orjachowiza is an important production site for sugar and sugar products in Bulgaria. There is a large sugar factory and several smaller confectionery companies in the city.

education

Wasil Levski High School

The first school was founded in 1859 by Ivan Momkhilov.

  • Lomonossow-Gymnasium Gorna Orjachowiza (focus on electrical engineering)
  • Wasil Levski High School
  • Atanas Burow High School
  • Nikola Vapzarow High School

Culture

Chitalishte Napredak 1869 Gorna Oryahovitsa.jpg

The city celebrates its annual city holiday on May 29th. Every year on May 28, the international arm wrestling tournament "Golden Lion" takes place.

There is a summer theater with 200 seats in Gorna Oryakhovitsa.

traffic

Since the liberation from the Ottomans (1887), the city has developed into an important transport center, especially rail traffic.

Gorna Orjachowiza is affected by the two highways No. 4 (Sofia-Varna) and No. 5 (Russe-Kardzhali) (both run through Veliko Tarnowo). The road no. 4 is used to connect to the east and west, and the no. 5, which is also the E-85, to the north and south.

The main railway lines No. 2 (Sofia – Varna) and No. 4 (Russe – Podkowa) run over Gorna Orjachowiza. The following international rail connections run via the Gorna Orjachowiza railway junction:

  • Istanbul – Bucharest,
  • Thessaloniki – Budapest,
  • Sofia – Bucharest – Kiev – Moscow.

The Gorna Oryahovitsa Airport is located 4 km north of Gorna Oryahovitsa.

Attractions

  • the hill of Kamaka,
  • the Boschur refuge ,
  • the area of ​​Arbanaschko Badro (on the southwestern outskirts),
  • the Chukovets area (near the old Sveti Troitsa church)
  • the Church of St. Nicholas, built by Kolju Fitscheto

From 1980 to 1990, blocks of flats for 20,000 residents were built in the Prolet district (in German: spring). Most of the residents of Gorna Orjachowitsa live here.

The nature reserve "Boschur Poljana" (in German: Peony meadow) is located 5 km southwest of the city . The peony is rare in Bulgaria and has become one of the symbols of the city of Gorna Oryakhovitsa.

The park-like forest Kamaka is also 5 km to the southwest. Rare bird species can be found here, including the golden eagle , whose image is also adorned with a medieval signet ring that came from the Rachowets fortress. In the last few years (as of 2008) some pairs of black storks have also been breeding here .

Town twinning

Gorna Orjachowiza maintains city partnerships with the following cities:

sons and daughters of the town

Web links