Baška tablet
The Baška Tablet ( Croatian Bašćanska ploča ) is one of the oldest and most famous cultural monuments of the Croatian language and history .
The tablet comes from the chapel of Sv. Lucija in Jurandvor near Baška on the island of Krk and is dated to the year 1100 .
Content and meaning
The 99.5 cm × 199 cm stone tablet was originally the left part of the altar screen of the early Romanesque chapel, which is dedicated to Saint Lucia . Discovered in 1851, it has been kept in the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb since 1934 . A copy of the plaque has been in its original location in the chapel since 2002.
The inscription is in Glagolitic script , it documents that the Croatian King Dmitar Zvonimir made a donation to the Church of St. Lucia. The church belonged to a Benedictine abbey. The text comprises the following sections:
- the invocation of God ( Invocatio Dei )
- the statement of the abbot Držiha that King Zvonimir (the abbey) donated a piece of land to St. Lucia
- a list of witnesses
- a threat to anyone who contests this gift
- the obligation of the monks to pray for the founder (and the witnesses)
- the statement of Abbot Dobrovit that he built the church with nine brothers during the reign of Knez Kosmat
- the remark that at that time Mikula in Otočac ( M-IKULA VЪ OTOČЪCI ) with the Abbey of Sv. Lucija was united
The script used is a transition from the older round Glagoliza to the newer (Croatian) angular Glagoliza. In addition to the Glagolitic characters, the inscription also contains some Latin and Cyrillic letters. The language of the table is a mixture of an (old) form of Čakavian and Church Slavonic .
The inscription ZЪVЪNIMIRЪ KRALЪ HRЪVATЪSKЪÏ (Zvonimir, King of Croatia) makes the Baška tablet an important document and cultural monument for Croatian history, especially since it is the oldest such inscription in the Croatian language. The text on the board is an important source for historical linguistics , Slavonic and Croatian studies .
text
Illegible parts are highlighted in gray.
ⰰⰸⱏ ––––– ⱌⰰⱄⰻⱀⰰ –– ⱅⰰⰳⱁⰴⱆⱈⰰ ⰰⰸ ⱏ
ⱁⱂⰰⱅ - ⰴⱃⱏⰶⰻⱈⱝⱂⰻⱄⰰⱈⱏⱄⰵⱁⰾⰵⰴⰻ ⱑⱓ ⰶⰵ
ⰴⰰⰸⱏⰲⱏⱀⰻⰿⱃⱏⰽⱃⰰⰾⱏⱈⱃⱏⱝⱅⱏⱄ ⰽ ⱏ –––
ⰴⱀⰻⱄⰲⱁⱗⰲⱏⱄⰲⰵⱅⱆⱓ ⰾ ⱆⱌⰻⱓⰻⱄⰲⰵ ––
ⰿⰻⰶⱆⱂⱝⱀⱏⰴⰵⱄⰻ - ⱃⱝⰽⱃⱏⰱⱝⰲⱑⰿⱃⱝ ––– ⱏⰲ ––
ⱌⱑⱂⱃⰱⱏⱀⰵⰱⰳⰰ - ⱏⱂⱁⱄⰾ - ⰲⰻⱀⱁⰴⰾⱑ –– ⰲⰰⰲⱁ
ⱅⱁⱌⱑⰴⰰⰻⰶⰵⱅⱉⱀⱁⱃⱒⰵⰽⰾⱏⱀⰻⰻⰱⱁⰻⰱ - ⰰ ⱀ ⰾⰰⰻⰳⰵ
ⰲⰰⰼⰾⰻⱄⱅ ҃ ⰻⰻⱄⱅ ҃ ⰰⱑⰾⱆⱌⰻⱑⰰⱞⱀⱏⰴⰰⰻⰾⰵⱄ ⰴ ⱑⰶⰻⰲⰵ
ⱅⱏⱞⱉⰾⰻⰸⱝⱀⰵⰱ ҃ ⱁⰳⰰⰰⰸⱏⱁⱀⱝⱅⱏⰴⰱⱃⱉ ⰲ ⱜⱅⱏⰸⱏ
ⰴⱝⱈⱏⱌⱃ꙯ⱑⰽⱏⰲⱏⱄⰻⱅⰻⱄⰲⱉⰵⱓⰱⱃⱝ ⰰ ⱜ ⱓ ⱄⱏⰴⰵⰲ
ⰵⱅⰻ ⱓ ⰲⱏⰴⱀⰻⰽⱏⱀⰵⰸⰰⰽⱉⱄⱏⱞⱏ ⱅ ⱝⱉⰱⰾⰰⰾ
ⰰⱓⱋⱝⰳⱉⰲⱏⱄⱆⰽⱏⱃⱝⰻⱀⱆⰻⰱⱑⱎⰵⰲⱏⱅ ⱏ ⰾ N ⱜⱞ
ⱜⰽⱆⰾⱝ ⰲⱏ ⱉ т ⱉ ⱒⱍ ––– ⰲ ⰵ т꙯ ⱆⱓⰾⱆⱌ꙯ⱜⱓ ⰲⱏ ⰵⰾⰻ N ⱉ
AZ V 'IME OTCA IS (I) NA I SVETAGO DUHA AZ'
OPAT 'DR'ZhIHA PISAH SE O LEDNINE JuZhE
DA Z'V'NIM (I) R KRAL' HR'VAT'SKI V '
DNI SVOE V' SVETUJu LUCIJu I SVEDO -
MI ZhUPAN 'DESIMIRA KR'BAVE MARTIN' VL (I) -
CE PRB'NEBZhA S 'POSL' VIN (0) DOLE JaK (O) V 'V O-
TOCE DA IZhE TO POREChE KL'NI I BO ( G) I * BI * AP (OSTO) LA I * G * E -
VANJELISTI IS (VE) TAJa LUCIJa AM (E) N 'DA IZhE SDE ZhIVE -
T' MOLI ZA NE BOGA AZ OPAT 'DBROVIT' Z '-
DAH 'CREK'V' SIJu I SVOEJu BRATIJu S DEV -
ETIJu V 'DNI K'NEZA KOS'M'TA OBLAD -
AJuChAGO V'SU K'RAINU I BJeShE V' T 'DNI M -
IKULA V' OTOCh'CI S ' SVETUJu LUCIJu V'EDINO
German translation
I, in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, I
Abbot Držiha wrote this about this piece of land that
Zvonimir, King of Croatia,
gave to Saint Lucija in his day. And the witnesses (are):
Prefect Desimir from Krbava, Martin from
Lika, Pribineg, this envoy from Vinodol [and] Jakov from the
island. If someone denies this, curse him God and the 12 apostles and the 4
evangelists and Saint Lucy. Amen. Should anyone live here,
he should pray to God for them. I, Abbot Dobrovit,
built this church and with my nine brothers
in the days of Knez Kosmat, who
ruled this country. And in those days Mikula
in Otočac was united with the [Abbey of] Saint Lucija.
Replica
A replica of the Baška tablet is in the reading room of the Berlin State Library in the Scharoun building in front of the entrance to the Eastern Europe department.
Others
The Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir with sash and morning star ( Velered kralja Dmitra Zvonimira s lentom i Danicom ) shows the Baška tablet as the central element of the neck order . The order ranks fourth in the Croatian order system .
On the island of Krk , the Baška Glagolitic Path is reminiscent of the blackboard.
The board can be seen on the front of the 100 kuna note from Croatia.
The Croatian composer Stjepan Šulek (1914–1986) wrote the choral work Bašćanska ploča (Baška Tablet ) in 1980 .
literature
- Branko Fučić: Croatian Glagolitic Epigraphy . Osborne, London 1999.
Web links
- Darko Zubrinić: The Baška Tablet with pictures and a detailed description
- Mateo Žagar: The Baška Tablet (English)