Banat Republic

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The Banat Republic and today's national borders

The Banat Republic ( Romanian Republica bănățeană , Serbian Banatska republika, Банатска република , Hungarian Bánáti köztársaság ) was proclaimed on November 1, 1918 in Timisoara for the area of ​​the historical Banat . After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, it was seen as an attempt to save the multi-ethnic Banat from being divided between Hungary , Serbia and Romania .

history

After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy, individual national councils were formed, separated according to the respective ethnic groups. They agreed on October 31 to create institutions for the administration of the entire Banat area. On the following day, November 1, 1918, the founding meeting of the People's Council took place, in which all nationalities were represented. On the same day Otto Roth , who was to take over the administration as civil commissar of the people together with Albert Bartha, the military commissar and the people's council , proclaimed the republic on the balcony of the Timisoara town hall .

The leadership of the state mainly organized the supply of food and consumer goods, and set up a people's militia and police. However, the republic lacked recognition both at home and abroad, as the large Romanian population was striving to join the Romanian Kingdom and both Romania and Serbia claimed the area that was guaranteed to both in secret treaties during the war by the Entente Powers was.

The short history of the republic ended on November 15, 1918 with the invasion of Serbian troops, who took over the administration. As a result, on June 21, 1919, the country was divided between Romania, Serbia and Hungary.

population

Banat Republic 1918

The population of the Banat Republic was 1,582,133 people, of whom were:

There were also minorities of Czechs , Slovaks , Bulgarians , Ukrainians and Croats . The Orthodox Christianity belonged to 855,852 (54.10%) people, the Roman Catholic Church 591,447 people (37.38%). There were also smaller groups of Calvinists , Lutherans , Greek Catholics, and Jews .

literature

  • William Marin: Brief history of the Banat Germans: with special consideration of their relations with the Romanian population and their attitude towards the unification of 1918 . Facla, 1980.
  • William Marin: Unirea din 1918 și poziția șvabilor bănățeni . Facla, 1978.
  • Reinhard Leber: Political Culture and System Transformation in Romania: Local Study on the City of Timisoara, Volume 280 of European University Writings . P. Lang, 1996, ISBN 3-631-48568-9 .
  • András Mihályhegyi: The Hungarian Soviet Republic in the field of tension between world revolution and national egoisms . sn, 1974.
  • Georg Wildmann : Danube Swabian History. Volume III 1918-1944 . Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-926276-73-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c jetscha.de (PDF; 8.4 MB), Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben in Deutschland eV , Heimatortsgemeinschaft Groß-Jetscha: Die Banater Republik. P. 33.