Bartsakis
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Satan monkey ( Chiropotes satanas ) |
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| Lesson , 1840 |
The Bartsakis ( Chiropotes ) are a genus of primate from the family of the Sakia monkey (Pitheciidae). Together with the sakis , they are also known as tail monkeys. The genus includes five species.
description
Bartsakis differ from Sakis in that they have a pronounced beard, hair on the jaw and on the neck and chest area, which is particularly pronounced in the males. On their heads they have a "high-backed" head of hair. Their fur is dark, usually black or dark brown, colored. It's dense, but shorter and less shaggy than that of the Sakis. The tail is long and very bushy, it is not used for grasping, but only for keeping balance. Bartsakis reach a head body length of 33 to 51 centimeters, a tail length of 30 to 51 centimeters and a weight of about 2.5 to 3.5 kilograms. The males are slightly larger and heavier than the females.
distribution and habitat
Bartsakis live in northern South America . Their distribution area includes southern Venezuela , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana and the northern and central part of Brazil . They inhabit forests and are mostly found in tropical rainforests .
Way of life
Like all sakia monkeys, Bartsakis are diurnal tree dwellers. They usually reside in the upper crown region, where they often move on all fours through the branches. They rarely jump, but can sometimes only be seen hanging from their hind legs, especially when they are eating. They spend most of the day searching for food, at night they sleep clinging to thick branches, never using the same tree on consecutive nights. Bartsakis live together in groups of around 15 to 30 animals. These groups consist of several males and females as well as the common offspring. To search for food, they often split up into smaller subgroups in order to get back together for sleep (fission fusion organization). The roaming areas are relatively large, they can cover up to 250 hectares, the day trips can be up to 5 kilometers long. These primates communicate within the group through an almost bird-like chirping and high-pitched whistling tones. Sometimes they socialize with other primate species such as capuchin or squirrel monkeys .
food
Hard-skinned fruits and seeds form the main component of the bartsakis' diet. To a small extent, they eat buds and other parts of plants as well as insects and possibly small vertebrates.
Reproduction
Once a year (often in connection with the rainy season) the female gives birth to a single young after a gestation period of around five months. At the age of three months it begins to explore its surroundings independently and is weaned shortly afterwards. Bartsakis are sexually mature at the age of four. Their life expectancy is over 18 years.
Systematics
The Bartsakis form together with the Sakis , the Uakaris and the Jumper monkeys the family of the Sakia monkey (Pitheciidae). Their closest relatives are the uakaris, who show a similar specialization in hard-shell food and social behavior.
There are five types:
- The White Nose Saki ( Chiropotes albinasus ) is the only representative to have a flesh-colored nose.
- The Satan Monkey or Black Saki ( Chiropotes satanas ) inhabits a small area in northeastern Brazil and is critically endangered.
- The red-backed kaki ( Chiropotes chiropotes ) is common in northern South America.
- The Guiana Red-backed Kaki ( Chiropotes sagulatus ) was only recognized as an independent species in 2002.
- The Uta-Hick-Saki ( Chiropotes utahickae ) has a more brownish fur than the other species.
The last three species were until recently combined with the Satan monkey to form a common species.
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ SF Ferrari, LM Veiga, LP Pinto, LK Marsh, RA Mittermeier & AB Rylands: Family Pitheciidae (Titis, Saakis and Uacaris). Pages 478 to 481 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3rd ISBN 978-8496553897
