Bellied dwarf horn snail
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Bellied dwarf horn snail ( Carychium minimum ) |
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| Carychium minimum | ||||||||||||
| OV Müller , 1774 |
The bellied dwarf horn snail ( Carychium minimum ), also bellied dwarf snail, is a very small species of snail from the family of the dwarf horn snail (Carychiidae) in the order of the lung snail (Pulmonata).
features
The spindle-shaped to egg-shaped housing is 1.6 to 2.2 mm high and 0.9 to 1.1 mm wide. The 4½, only slightly arched passageways increase rapidly and give the case a bulbous shape, i. H. it is comparatively wide. The mouth is inclined to the coil axis. The edge of the mouth is slightly folded over on the outside and thickened on the inside by a lip. A low but wide tooth protrudes from the outer lip into the mouth. A spindle lamella and a parietal lamella are formed on the inner lip, the latter of which extends deep into the housing. When the case is fresh, it is visible through the shell on the left side of the spindle. The lamella has a simple, S-shaped profile. The housing is colorless and in the case of a living animal almost transparent, the surface is shiny. Cases that are no longer fresh are milky-white with a matt surface. The surface is very finely striped, rarely more clearly ribbed.
The body of the animals is whitish, the organs shine through. The eyes, which are easily recognizable as dark spots, are located at the base of the conical antennae. The second (lower) pair of sensors, on the other hand, is only rudimentary.
Similar species
The shell of the bellied dwarf horn snail is not as slender as the shell of the slim dwarf horn snail ( Carychium tridentatum ); the height / width index is less than 2 (in the case of the slim dwarf horned snail> 2). The bellied dwarf horn snail also needs more humid biotopes.
Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life
The distribution area extends over Eurasia. In Europe, however, it is absent in the southern parts of the Mediterranean region. In northern Europe the distribution area extends beyond the 60 ° latitude. There it is very rare and limited to the coastal areas. The bellied dwarf horn snail is also known from Turkey, but so far only from one locality ( Konya ). In Israel it occurs on the Sea of Galilee . It was anthropogenic to North America.
The species prefers permanently wet habitats such as swamps, wet meadows, wet river valleys and valley meadows, alluvial forests and the bank areas of (still) waters from the plains to lower mountain ranges, in Switzerland up to 1800 m. She lives under stones, plants, and submerged objects such as logs and branches as well as in damp leaves and rotten, damp wood.
It does not tolerate the drying out of its habitats and is therefore sensitive to falling groundwater levels and drainage. In contrast, they even survive prolonged flooding of their habitats.
The bellied dwarf horn snail forms three to four generations a year.
Danger
The bellied dwarf horn snail is not endangered in Germany, but the populations are declining in Bavaria. It is there on the pre-warning list. In Great Britain and Ireland, the species shows no population decline and is tolerant of human interference in its habitat, provided that dehydration is avoided.
Taxonomy
The species was set up in 1774 by Otto Friedrich Müller . It is the type species of the genus Carychium Müller, 1773, which was established a year earlier. In 2012 the species Carychium mariae Paulucci was recognized as a younger synonym of the dwarf horn snail in 1878. Some authors differentiate between two sub-genera within the genus Carychium , the nominate sub-genus Carychium (Carychium) and Carychium (Saraphia) Risso, 1926. In this broader sub-division, Carychium minimum is made the nominate sub-genus .
Danger
The species is not endangered in Germany.
supporting documents
literature
- Müller, OF 1774. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volume alterum. - pp. I-XXXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniæ & Lipsiæ. (Heineck & Faber). http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46380#page/5/mode/1up
- Bank, Ruud A. & Edmund Gittenberger 1985: Notes on Azorean and European Carychium species (Gastropoda Basommatophora: Ellobiidae). Basteria, 49: 85-100, Leiden
- Bogon, Klaus 1990: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 80/1)
- Fechter, Rosina & Gerhard Falkner 1990: Mollusks. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 126)
- Kerney, Michael P., Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth 1983: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin ISBN 3-490-17918-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bogon (1990: p. 84)
- ↑ Kerney et al. (1983: pp. 74/5)
- ↑ Joseph Heller: Land Snails of the Land of Israel. 360 pp., Pensof, Sofia & Moscow, 2009 ISBN 978-954-642-510-2
- ↑ Weigand, Alexander M. & Adrienne Jochum 2010: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychium minimum OF Müller, 1774: Filling gaps. New population record for the state of New York, northeastern United States. Check List, 6 (4): 517-518.
- ^ A b Animal Base - Carychium minimum Müller, 1773
- ^ Fechter & Falkner (1990: p. 130)
- ↑ Falkner, Gerhard, Manfred Colling, Klaus Kittel & Christian Strätz 2003: Red List of Endangered Snails and Mussels (Mollusca) Bavaria PDf
- ^ Mueller, Otto Friedrich 1774: Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volume alterum. SI-XXXVI, 1-214, Havniæ / Copenhagen & Lipsiæ / Leipzig, Heineck & Faber Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library (p. 125).
- ^ Weigand, Alexander M., Marie-Carolin Götze & Adrienne Jochum 2012: Outdated but established ?! Conchologically driven species delineations in microgastropods (Carychiidae, Carychium). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 12:10 p. Doi : 10.1007 / s13127-011-0070-2
- ↑ Fauna Europaea - Genus Carychium
- ^ Wiese, Vollrath 2014: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 40)
