Dwarf horn snails

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dwarf horn snails
Bellied dwarf horn snail (Carychium minimum)

Bellied dwarf horn snail ( Carychium minimum )

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Eupulmonata
Superfamily : Ellobioidea
Family : Dwarf horn snails
Scientific name
Carychiidae
Jeffreys , 1830

The dwarf horn snails (Carychiidae) are a family of very small, land living snails from the order of the pulmonate snails (Pulmonata). The currently known approx. 45 species live in permanently moist or extremely wet habitats, mostly in deep, undisturbed leaf litter, in wet meadows and swamp areas, in scree slopes and in caves. Due to their small size, the dwarf horn snails belong to the non-systematic and rather vague group of micro gastropods. Due to their small size and hidden way of life, new species and occurrences are constantly being discovered.

features

The right-hand winding cases of the representatives of the family are highly conical to spindle-shaped and only a few millimeters high. They are whitish to colorless and translucent. The mouth rim is thickened and teeth and lamellae protrude into the mouth. The animals are hermaphrodites , mating is one-sided, at least in some species, ie one animal functions as a male, one as a female. The eggs are very large compared to the size of the animals. One to several generations can be formed per year. At least some species of the genus Carychium still have functioning eyes. In the genus Zospeum , the eyes are regressed and the animals are blind.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The distribution of the family is Holarctic . The genus Zospeum was only recently discovered in caves in South Korea and South China.

The representatives of the genus Carychium occur in wet or permanently moist habitats such as swamps, wet meadows, alluvial forests and the bank areas of bodies of water. They live in the (moist) leaf litter, in dead wood and between bank plants from the plains at sea level to the mountains. The invariably eyeless species of the genus Zospeum , on the other hand, are pronounced cave dwellers or occur in karst crevices . They also occur from sea level up to the mountains (up to 1850 m).

Taxonomy and systematics

This family group taxon was established in 1830 by John Gwyn Jeffreys as the Carychiadae. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) place them as a subfamily to the coastal snails (Ellobiidae). In more recent studies, the taxon is again assessed as a family within the Ellobioidea.According to the latest classification in the MolluscaBase, it is again assessed as a subfamily, while Fauna Europaea and Harzhaus & Neubauer (2018) continue to treat the taxon as a family. Currently only two genera with approx. 45 species are assigned to the family:

supporting documents

literature

  • Weigand, Alexander M., Marie-Carolin Götze & Adrienne Jochum 2012: Outdated but established ?! Conchologically driven species delineations in microgastropods (Carychiidae, Carychium). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 12:10 p. Doi : 10.1007 / s13127-011-0070-2
  • Jochum, Adrienne 2011: Evolution and diversity of the troglobitic Carychiidae - A morphological and phylogenetic investigation of the terrestrial ellobiiod genera, Carychium and Zospeum . The Malacologist, 57: 16-18, London PDF .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dourson, Daniel C. 2012: Four New Land Snail species from the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science, 128 (1): 1-10 ( Abstract  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.jncas.org  
  2. ↑ a b Jochum, Adrienne, Alexander M. Weigand, Rajko Slapnik, Jana Valentinčič & Carlos E. Prieto 2012: The microscopic ellobioid, Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 (Pulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) makes a big debut in Basque Country and the province of Burgos (Spain). MalaCo, 8, 400-403. PDF ( Memento of the original from March 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.journal-malaco.fr
  3. ↑ a b Prozorova, L., Noseworthy, R., Lee, JS, Zasypkina, M. 2010: Korean cave malacofauna with emphasis on troglobitic carychiids (Pulmonata: Ellobioidea: Carychiidae). Tropical Natural History (Suppl. 3): 135.
  4. ↑ Jeffreys, John Gwyn 1830: A synopsis on the testaceous pneumonobranchous Mollusca of Great Britain. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 16 (2): 323-392 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library (p. 362).
  5. ↑ Weigand, Alexander M., Adrienne Jochum, Markus Pfenninger, Dirk Steinke, & Annette Klussmann-Kolb 2011: A new approach to an old conundrum - DNA barcoding sheds new light on phenotypic plasticity and morphological stasis in microsnails (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Carychiidae ). - Molecular Ecology Resources 11: 255-265 doi : 10.1111 / j.1755-0998.2010.02937.x .
  6. ^ MolluscaBase: Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Mathias Neubauer, Thomas A. Neubauer: Opole (Poland) - a ley locality for middle Miocene terrestrial mollusc faunas. Bulletin of Geosciences 93 (1): 71-146, 2018 doi : 10.3140 / bull.geosci.1692
  8. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Family Carychiidae
  9. ↑ Worldwide mollusc species database
  10. ^ A b Roman Egorov: Treaure of Russian Shells. Illustrated catalog of the recent terrestrial molluscs of Russia and adjacent regions. Supplement 5. Moscow, 2008 ISSN 1025-2517, p. 21.
  11. ↑ Weigand, Alexander M. 2013: New Zospeum species (Gastropoda, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae) from 980 m depth in the Lukina Jama– Trojama cave system (Velebit Mts., Croatia). Subterranean Biology, 11: 45-53 doi : 10.3897 / subtbiol. 11.5966

Web links