Model series scheme of the Swedish State Railways
The series scheme of the Swedish State Railways gives an overview of the names of the Swedish locomotives and wagons that have been procured or used by the State Railways.
prehistory
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During the period in office of the Reichstag from 1853-1854, the Swedish King Oskar I proposed that trunk railways , i.e. main lines through the country, only be built by the state. Other routes should be built on private initiative with government support. For military reasons, the trunk lines should not run along the coast. Steamships should take over their transport tasks there.
On January 22, 1855, the engineer Nils Ericson was commissioned to lay out trunk lines and to operate them after the opening. Ericson received the management post of an authority established for this purpose in 1856 , the "Styrelsen för statens järnvägsbyggnader" ( German roughly: "Office for State Railway Construction" ).
In this position, Nils Ericson transferred the transport tasks to "Styrelsen för statens järnvägstrafik" ( German roughly: "Office for State Railways" ) in 1863 with a general director as head. In 1882 “Statens järnvägsbyggnader” was assigned to “Väg- och vattenbyggnadsstyrelsen” ( German roughly: “State road and water engineering authority” ).
On June 1, 1888 numbers were "Styrelsen för Statens järnvägsbyggnader" with "Styrelsen för Statens järnvägstrafik" merged and formed the "Kungliga Järnvägsstyrelsen" ( German "Royal Railway Office" or "Royal Railway Authority" ) for the Sveriges Statsbanor for the Union with Norway united Sweden or after the dissolution of the union from 1905 for Statens Järnvägar in Sweden.
First names
When purchasing locomotives in Sweden, as in many other countries, they were initially given names. The first locomotives delivered in 1856 were the "Norden" , the "Sverige" and the "Göteborg" , which were manufactured by Beyer, Peacock & Co. in Manchester .
When the number of units became larger and the designation of the locomotives became more confusing, the locomotives used on a railway line were given code letters for the route (WSB = Västra stambanan , SSB = Södra stambanan ) and a serial number in 1864 .
The numbers were only assigned once, regardless of the area of application. However, this system was also unsatisfactory, as the design of the locomotives with regard to their use was not recognizable.
Therefore, in 1876, type designations for the different types of rail vehicles were introduced by Kungliga Järnvägsstyrelsen , commonly known as Statens Järnvägar (SJ).
Steam locomotives
The Swedish State Railways used a designation made up of a capital letter ( Littera ) and the company number for the steam locomotives . With a few exceptions, each capital letter corresponded to a specific design. All letters from A to Ä were used, and those that became vacant were given to new locomotive types (as an example: SJ A (I) = A (1863), first occupation, SJ A (II) = A (1906), second occupation). Conversions resulted in numerous types of substructures, which were marked with lowercase letters or numbers. For example, the series SJ A (II) became various locomotives through conversions to the SJ A2 , some of them to the SJ A3 and some to the SJ A (III) , so that the assignment is not very easy to understand in some cases.
The locomotives were numbered consecutively according to their procurement and kept these numbers during a possible renovation. In the standard gauge area, the numbers 1 to 1944 were used, with the last five numbers 1940 to 1944 being assigned to replacement boilers. If locomotives were added to the system as a result of a takeover of a private railway as part of the railway nationalization in Sweden , they were given the next free numbers. Boilers were given their own numbers.
Narrow gauge locomotives are with
- p ( pytteliten - German " very narrow " ) for 891 mm,
- t ( tiosextiosju - German " 1067 " ) for 1067 mm and
- tu = marked for 1093 mm gauge.
Like the standard gauge locomotives, they were given serial numbers: the range from 3000 to 3178 was used for the 891 mm locomotives and the range from 4000 to 4053 was used for 1067 mm locomotives. Most of them came from acquired private railways.
Locomotives taken over from private railways were sometimes given an indication of origin in the series designation. However, these were exceptions. Examples are:
- HSa to HSd from Härnösand-Sollefteå Järnväg.
- OKa to OKf from the Ostkustbana.
- ÖCBa and ÖCBb from Östra Centralbana.
Normally, the locomotives that were taken over were sorted into a series without further notice. The series " K .. " should be mentioned here, of which around 50 variants, some as tender, but also as tender locomotives, mostly with three coupled axles existed.
From 1886, individual type changes were made with the aim of abolishing the exceptions in the system capital letter = type of construction and lower case letter = substructure type . That goal was never achieved.
Series designation for other SJ traction vehicles
With the advent of other types of vehicles such as railcars or locomotives with other types of drive, designations also had to be introduced.
The first electric locomotives were called the "experimental locomotive" in 1905 . With the start of operations on the Luleå – Narvik railway line, the series was introduced with the designation SJ O for series locomotives from 1914 . A similar assignment was made for railcars and diesel locomotives .
The letter X was used for electric and combustion engine railcars as 4- and 5-axle bogie cars as well as for 2-, 3- and 4-axle cars with axle bearings in the car's main frame . In the late 1930s and until 1945, additional letters were used for detailed distinction:
- a for railcars with electric motors
- b for railcars with petrol engines
- d for railcars with diesel engines
- g for railcars with gas operation
In 1939/1940 there was a fundamental revision of the designation system, whereby the passenger cars were included.
Meaning of the letters (system 1939/1940)
Main letter:
- A = 1st class
- B = 2nd class
- B = electric locomotive with two-axle bogies
- C = 3rd class
- BC = couchette car or carriage 2./3. class
- D = mail car
- D = electric locomotive with coupling rods
- H = electric locomotive with two-axle bogies and a central driver's cab
- M = control car
- M = electric locomotive with three-axle bogies
- R = restaurant / buffet car
- R = Fast electric locomotive with two-axle bogies
- S = dining / special car
- T = diesel locomotive
- U = part of a multiple unit
- V = small diesel locomotive or shunting locomotive
- WL = sleeping car
- X = electric railcar or rail bus
- Y = diesel multiple unit or rail bus
- U = shunting tractor
- Z = small locomotives
- Ö = accumulator locomotive
Additional designation for sub-types:
- D = adapted for traffic in Germany
- E = adapted for traffic with ERTMS
- K = adapted for traffic in Denmark
- N = adapted for traffic in Norway
- P = equipped for operation up to 160 km / h
- o = bogie car
- p = track width: 891 mm
- t = track width: 1067 mm
- tu = track width: 1093 mm
- ö = drive via accumulators
Examples:
- Two-axle 1st class car: A1, A5
- Bogie wagon 2nd class: Bo1, Bo5
- Bogie wagon 2nd / 3rd Class: BCo2, BCo7
- Narrow-gauge rail bus with diesel engine, 1067 mm, 3, class with bogies: YCo4t
- Rail bus with electric motor, 2nd class, bogies: YBoa6, YBoa7
- Rail bus with diesel engine, 2nd class, bogies: YBo7, YBo8
- Electric railcar: Xa4
- Electric railcar with bogies: Xoa7
- Sidecar with bogies, 3rd class: Cox7
Almost all heavy bogie railcars with diesel or gasoline engines came from acquired former private railways. The following vehicles were taken over by the State Railways after 1940 or were in their possession:
| number | Old series | New series | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | Xod4 | Xo1 | Built in 1938 by Diesel Elektriska Vagn Aktiebolaget (DEVA) for Varberg – Borås – Herrljunga Järnväg (VBHJ), date of takeover unclear, sold to Sävsjöström – Nässjö Järnväg (SNJ) in 1946 |
| 6th | Xod5 | X6 | five axes (wheel arrangement A1A-2), 1932, serial number 49 of DEVA for Lysekils Järnväg built (lyj), 2nd and 3rd class and luggage room and toilet, sold to SNJ 1944 200 hp - car body with wooden panel covered |
| 13 | Xod1 | Xo2 | four-axle, built in 1930 by Kockums for VBHJ, no longer used as a motor vehicle from 1948 |
| 14th | Xod2 | Xo3 | four-axle, built in 1930 by Kockums for VBHJ, no longer used as a motor vehicle from 1948 |
| 15, 16 | Xod3 | Xo4 | four-axle, built in 1938 by Linke-Hofmann for VBHJ, sold to SNJ in 1955 |
| 17th | Xod4 | Xo1 | Built in 1937 by DEVA for Uddevalla – Vänersborg – Herrljunga Järnväg (UVHJ), sold to SNJ in 1955 |
| 18th | Xomd1 | Built in 1936 by Nydqvist och Holm , retired in 1941 | |
| 20th | Xod6 | Xo5 | Built in 1935 by Kockums for Malmö – Ystads Järnvägsaktiebolag (MYJ), sold to SNJ in 1955 |
| 300 | Xog3 | Xo6 | Built in 1931 by Hässleholms Mek Vst for Uppsala – Gävle Järnväg (UGJ), retired in 1955 |
| 308, 309 | Xog3 | Xo6 | Built in 1925 by Hässleholms Mek Vst for UGJ, retired in 1955 |
There was also a steam powered rail car of the Xå series, which was taken over by Kävlinge – Barsebäcks Järnväg (KjBJ No. 2) in 1927 as the X5 / CF1 and designated as Xå 401 from 1933 , but was retired in 1937 and sent to Helsingborg– before the numbering system was introduced. Hässleholms Järnväg (HHJ) was sold.
After 1945, all electric multiple units were designated with a, and the multiple units with internal combustion engines were not labeled with letters.
Series system from 1956
As a result of the Europe-wide abolition of the 3rd class in passenger transport, the letter C for the third class of all passenger cars was replaced by the letter B for the 2nd class.
Series system from 1958
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, numerous private railways were taken over. As a result, many smaller motor locomotives came into Statens Järnvägar's inventory , all of which were designated with the series letter Z and an additional number. In 1958 there was a reallocation according to the engine power of the locomotives.
Series system from 1970
In 1970 the current system was introduced.
Previously, the code letter X was used for railcars with normal buffers and screw couplings. The only exception were the Xoa6 railcars , which had an automatic coupling that only worked between the railcars of this type. This also applied to the X1 , but these vehicles were only sorted into the 1970 system.
Changes:
- X = "railcar" - was omitted as a designation for railcars and has been valid since then with an appended number for electric railcars: Example: X2
- Y = "rail bus" - was omitted as a designation for rail bus and has since applied to diesel railcars with an appended number: Example: Y1
The additional designation for sub-types
- a = Electrically powered rail bus or railcar
- o = bogie car
were abolished.
Examples:
- 1st class car: A2, A7
- 1st / 2nd class cars: AB3, AB7, AB9
- 2nd class car with luggage compartment: BF4, BF7
- 2nd class car with luggage and dining compartments: BFS9
- Mail and baggage car: DF28
- Railcar or rail bus with diesel engine: Y1, Y2, Y7, Y31
- Railcar or rail bus with electric motor: X1, X2, X16, X55
- Rail bus with diesel engine and luggage compartment: YF1
- Electric railcar for narrow gauge 891 mm: X7p, X10p
- 1st class intermediate car: UA2
- Intermediate car with 2nd class and bistro compartment: URB2
- Rail bus sidecar with 2nd class and luggage compartment: UBF
- Diesel locomotive: T21, T44, T45, Td
- Small locomotive: Z65, Z70
- Small locomotive for narrow gauge 1093 mm: Z4tu
- Electric locomotive with a speed of 160 km / h: Rc3P
General
There is no generally accepted designation system for locomotives in Sweden. Every vehicle owner is free to name the vehicles according to their ideas. Many smaller private railways have never introduced a designation system, although Svenska Järnvägsföreningen ( German "the Swedish Railway Association" ) had created a system for private railways. With the nationalization of these private railways, the SJ designation system was used.
This naming system has changed over time. The state railway system has been completely redesigned several times. It was last revised in 1970 after deregulation . Some of the new providers on the Swedish routes like Hector Rail built their own systems, while others like Green Cargo continue to use the SJ system.
This means that the same locomotive types can have several different names. Rc locomotives were exported to Austria in the 1970s. There they were referred to by the Austrian Federal Railways as the 1043 series. When they were later bought back, they were given the designation SJ Rc2 .
The system is uniform for passenger cars. 1st class coaches are designated with A, 2nd class coaches with B and combinations thereof or with baggage coaches accordingly. The system from the 1960s is the international standard for freight wagons.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Järnväg . In: Theodor Westrin (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 13 : Johan – Kikare . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1910, Sp. 427 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- ^ Postcard with the imprint "Statens Järnvägar" , canceled with the official stamp of the "Kungliga Järnvägsstyrelsen" . Retrieved January 1, 2017 .
- ^ Postcard with the imprint "Sveriges Statsbanor" . Retrieved January 1, 2017 .
- ↑ SJ ånglok. In: Svenska-lok.se. Retrieved February 1, 2017 (Swedish).
- ↑ a b Stig Lundin: SJ ånglok. In: stiglundin.se. Retrieved January 3, 2017 (Swedish).
- ↑ Stig Lundin: SJ lokpannor. In: stiglundin.se. Retrieved January 3, 2017 (Swedish).
- ↑ Motorvagn Xo5 20. In: Järnvägshistoriskt Forum. 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 (Swedish).
- ↑ lyj 10. In: svenska-lok.se. Retrieved January 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Fel om fd KjBJ-ångvagn hos HHJ. In: tydal.nu. Retrieved January 4, 2017 (Swedish).
Web links
- Räddningsinsats vid tågkrasch - en kunskapssammanställning. (PDF) 2.1 Littera. Räddningsverket, p. 7 , archived from the original on April 9, 2011 ; Retrieved June 6, 2020 (Swedish).