Bayernwacht
The Bayernwacht was a defense and protection organization of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) during the Weimar Republic .
She goes to a 1924 by the Munich district chairman of the BVP Fritz Schaffer founded order team back, which since 1925 Bavaria Watch called and held its first festive Fahnenweihe in December 1927th With its motto “Core Bavarian and faithful German!”, The Bayernwacht functioned primarily as a hall guard and remained limited to Munich . She organized camaraderie evenings with lectures, hikes, small-caliber shooting and physical exercises.
At the end of 1931 it had almost 700 active members in Munich , and further groups were formed, especially in Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria and Lower Franconia . At the end of December 1930 she founded a regional association registered as a club. The association was subdivided into district and district associations as well as local associations (camaraderie), with a distinction being made between young teams (17 to 30 years) and old rulers (over 30 years).
When Chancellor Franz von Papen, by means of an emergency ordinance, repealed the ban on uniforms and moving for political associations imposed by the Bavarian state government in 1932 , this benefited the National Socialist organizations SA and SS in particular . The Bayernwacht has now set up an independent state management under the regional leader Hans Ritter von Lex as well as district staff , and the sister organization Pfalzwacht has also been strengthened. At the end of 1932, Bayernwacht and Pfalzwacht had around 30,000 members together.
The uniformed Bayernwacht recruited mainly through Christian unions, Catholic journeyman's associations and farmers' associations. It was equipped with weapons from the former Bavarian resident services . At the end of February 1933 there were increasing clashes between the Bayernwacht and the SA, for example in Bamberg , Forchheim , Traunstein , Erlangen , Landau an der Isar and in the Palatinate ( Pfalzwacht 1930–1933).
In the seizure of power by the National Socialists Bayern guard walked no one. On March 10 and 11, 1933, their leaders were arrested, on March 13, 1933 Lex forbade any resistance and on April 13, 1933 he declared the Bayernwacht to be dissolved. A number of former members of the Bayernwacht later participated in the monarchist Harnier resistance group against National Socialism.
literature
- Otto Altendorfer: Fritz Schäffer as a politician of the Bavarian People's Party 1888-1945 (= studies and sources on contemporary history. Volume 2). 2 volumes, Archive for Christian Social Policy of the Hanns Seidel Foundation, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-88795-750-4 (also dissertation, University of Passau 1990).
- Karl Schwend : Bavaria between monarchy and dictatorship. Contributions to the Bavarian question in the period from 1918 to 1933. R. Pflaum, Munich 1954.
Web links
- Otto Altendorfer: Bayernwacht, 1924–1933 . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Historical Dictionary of Bavaria called in his article for the BVP as a forerunner, however, the "Jung-Bavaria-Ring" ( entry to the BVP in the Historical Dictionary of Bavaria )
- ↑ https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/Pfalzwacht,_1930-1933