Fortified hill settlement Steinbühel
The fortified hilltop settlement Steinbühel , also Steinerbichl or Stoanabichl , near Uttendorf (Salzburg) is continuously inhabited from the early Bronze Age (from around 2200 BC) to late antiquity (end depending on the view around 476 or 568 AD) Settlement with a fire burial ground . Most of the found objects are kept in the Salzburg Museum .
A reconstructed Celtic village on the Steinerbichl is under construction, some objects have already been completed.
Hilltop settlement
The Steinbühel is a hilltop with steep slopes, which is west of Uttendorf on the northern slope of the Salzach valley at about 1000 m above sea level. A. lies. Terraces were found on the plateau with an area of around 3000 m², excavations from 1996 onwards revealed a possibly fortified settlement. In a stone settlement in the north-east of the plateau, the excavator, the then state archaeologist Fritz Moosleitner, suspected a fortification wall in this flatter part, which was not protected by precipices. The beginning of the settlement is dated to the transition from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age. After an interruption, the area was again used continuously from the later urn field culture until late antiquity. The finds show a focus in the HaD phase (650–475 BC) of the Hallstatt period and another in the late Latène period (190 BC to around the birth of Christ), presumably through the Celtic tribe of the Ambisonts . A palmette belt hook and a Boische tetradrachm are noteworthy for individual finds .
The settlement was created because of the mining of copper ore ; the mining area is around two hours' walk away in the area of the “Vierthaleralm” at 1600 m above sea level. A.
Cremation field
The cemetery is about 80 m lower than the settlement on a slope. During the construction of a local water pipe from 1962, grave sites were cut and the state archaeologist Martin Hell discovered fire graves, and a number of burial sites had already been destroyed by the construction work. Emergency excavations by Fritz Moosleitner between 1975 and 1990, which had become urgent due to planned construction , have so far uncovered 460 grave sites. In 2002, 15 more grave sites were discovered. Since the entire area has not yet been explored, a total of 600 to 700 grave sites is expected. In contrast to finds in the settlement, the graves are to be classified in the HaC period (800–650 BC) of the Hallstatt period. Only three grave finds date to the phases HaD or LTA ( early La Tène period ; 480–400 BC).
Mainly stone box graves (vertical stone slabs as a supporting wall, also for covering) were uncovered, in which the cremation ashes were buried in wooden boxes. Simple grave structures without stone slabs and direct urn burials have also been discovered. Conical tombs made of creek rubble were used to mark the grave sites.
The mined copper was the basis of a far-reaching bartering , which can be seen in the grave goods. Ceramic finds point to the northern foothills of the Alps ( southern Bavaria and Upper Austria ). Pottery ware , such as clay vessels in the shape of a situle , one of which is decorated with bronze nails, as well as clay and bronze bowls show a trade connection to the Estonian culture of the Po Valley . The enclosed jewelry ( arched brooches , decorative needles with several heads) indicate connections to the south- eastern Alps .
literature
- Peter Höglinger: The fortified hill settlement on Steinbühel in Uttendorf / Pinzgau, Salzburg. In: Archeology of Austria. No. 8/1, 1997, p. 36 ff. ISSN 1018-1857 .
- Peter Höglinger: New excavation results on the Steinbühel in Uttendorf / Pinzgau, Salzburg. In: Archeology of Austria. No. 9/2, 1998, p. 39 ff.
- Fritz Moosleitner: The Hallstatt burial ground of Uttendorf im Pinzgau: archaeological research in the Hohe Tauern National Park region. Archeology in Salzburg, Office of the Salzburg State Government (State Archeology), Salzburg 1992, ISBN 978-3-901014-22-2 . (for the chapter "fire burial ground")
- Susanne Sievers , Otto Helmut Urban , Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. L-Z. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1899 f.
Web links
- Celtic village Uttendorf (accessed on September 7, 2013)
- Keltendorf Steinerbichl Uttendorf (accessed September 7, 2013)
- The Hallstatt cemetery in Uttendorf im Pinzgau (accessed on September 7, 2013)
Coordinates: 47 ° 17 ′ 28.4 " N , 12 ° 34 ′ 25.9" E