Turning and adding

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Sailboat is included

Turning is a maneuver of a watercraft for the purpose of slowing down or stopping in as calm a position as possible. Once this position is reached, the vehicle is said to be enclosed .

Is added Rotates to persons or objects to take over from one vehicle to another to take on board previous people or objects to stormy weather with strong winds and high waves abzuwettern or even to do to maritime or medical work in calm as possible ship location.

Sailboat

In the case of a sailboat , turning and, over a longer period of time, hanging, can be achieved by setting the sails in a special way. Here is a turn running, the jib sheet but not detached, so that the jib after the turn back stands. The jib does not change sides, as it should otherwise be when turning. At the same time, the mainsail is lowered and the rudder is set clearly to windward (tiller to leeward , tiller to the boom). This is to make the boat luff up. If the wind is stable from one direction, the rudder (tiller) can also be fixed in this situation. However, it is always important to ensure that the wind direction or the position of the boat in relation to the wind does not change in an uncontrolled manner.

By luffing, the boat turns into the wind until the foresail, which is standing back, brakes the boat and the mainsail is in the slipstream of the foresail. The trip is taken off the boat. The fact that the boat is not moving through the water means that the rudder blade is no longer flown around the windward and has no rudder effect in this phase. The luffing ends at this moment.

Now the foresail is standing back and creates a leechiness . The boat falls off. The fall continues until the mainsail is turned back out of the slipstream of the foresail and the boat starts moving again. Now the rudder blade is flowed around again, the effect is restored and the boat is luffed up .

This repetitive motion continues throughout the process. Due to the slow drift to leeward and the oscillating movement of the boat, a lot of wind energy is absorbed, which brings calm on board. This great calm on board has also been used successfully as a survival strategy in severe storms.

In practice, the movement of the ship when it is enclosed is heavily dependent on wind and wave conditions, the type of sail, the type of ship and the rigging . Normally sailing ships slowly drift leeward at one to two knots.

Man overboard

In the man-over-board maneuver , enclose is the end position of the ship. The ship is enclosed and forms a stable working platform that enables the victim to be safely recovered. The ship stands still, it drifts slowly towards the victim, the big boom hangs as a “crane arm” in the correct position directly above the victim, and there are no flapping sails or sheets.

Motor ships

Enclosed with a motor ship
a: Drifting across the sea
b: Steaming with the bow against wind and sea
c: Wind and sea about 4 lines from the front
d: Lying in front of the sea with the propeller rotating backwards

With a motor ship there are essentially four different possibilities for turning and bending: drifting across the sea, steaming with the stern against wind and sea, wind and sea about 4 lines from the front and lying with the propeller turning backwards in front of the sea. Which of these four options can be used depends primarily on the size of the ship, the type and closure of the superstructures, the performance of the engine, the distribution of the cargo, the stability of the ship, the freeboard , the course, the voyage, the swell and the available lake space (see Legerwall ).

It is important to ensure that the relevant maneuver is not initiated too late, as turning around when the sea is already strong is associated with a high risk of breakers coming over and thus damage to the ship and cargo.

Drift across the sea

Here the engine is stopped, the swell hits the ship at an angle of about 90 °. The ship thus drives almost abeam. A lateral wake is created in the windward side of the ship, in which rolling lakes break in front of the ship.

Due to the side impact of the swell on the ship, the ship is u. U. roll hard . The prerequisites for this maneuver are sufficient stability of the ship and a high freeboard.

Steam with the bow against wind and sea

Here, the ship drives with little speed ahead precisely against wind and swell. The speed of the propeller is set so that the ability to steer is just maintained.

This maneuver is particularly suitable for ships that cannot drift across the sea. However, the ship will u. U. strong stamp , so that the hull in the longitudinal direction is highly stressed, and the propeller can come out of the water.

Wind and sea about 4 lines from the front

Here the ship moves ahead at a low speed at an angle of about 45 ° (corresponding to 4 lines) against wind and swell. The speed of the propeller is set so that the ability to steer is just maintained. The rudder can be turned far to the leeward, as most ships are greedy , so the ship is effectively sailing aft.

This maneuver is also particularly suitable for ships that cannot drift across the sea. However, caution is advised on ships with poor stability and cargo that can slide easily.

Lie in front of the sea with the propeller turning backwards

The engine is running slowly backwards, the stern of the ship is at sea, i.e. i.e. the swell is coming from astern. The propeller rotating backwards acts like a sea ​​anchor deployed from the stern .

This maneuver is mainly used if the time for the three above-mentioned maneuvers has been missed and the sea is already too strong.

See also

Web links

swell

  1. ^ K. Adlard Coles: Heavy weather sailing. 9th edition. 1994
  2. ^ Müller, Krauss: Handbook for the ship's command. Volume 2A, 9th edition. Springer-Verlag, 1988, ISBN 3-540-17939-9 , page 199 ff.