Bernhard of Valence
Bernhard von Valence ( French Bernard ; * in Valence , Provence; † 1135 ) was a Provencal cleric who rose to become Bishop of Artah in 1099 and the first Latin Patriarch of Antioch in 1100 as part of the First Crusade .
He came from Valence in Provence. He took part in the First Crusade as a field chaplain in the wake of the papal legate Adhemar von Le Puy . After Adhemar died in 1098 after the successful siege of Antioch , he joined the retinue of the southern Italian Norman prince Bohemond of Taranto , who established an independent principality in and around Antioch . So Bohemund broke the previously against the Byzantine Emperor Alexios II. Votes fealty should be made after all the conquests of the Crusaders, meanwhile sovereignty. While the main army of the crusade moved on to Jerusalem in January 1099 , he stayed with Bohemond in Antioch. Bohemond installed him in 1099 in the newly conquered city of Artah as bishop. When Bohemond made a pilgrimage towards the end of 1099 to Jerusalem, which had already been conquered by the Crusaders, to fulfill his crusader vows, Bernhard accompanied him to receive the ordination of bishops in Jerusalem.
The head of the Christian church in the Antioch region, the Byzantine Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch , John VII Oxites, had left the crusaders in office after the conquest of Antioch. This attitude changed when the Byzantine emperor attacked the principality of Antioch in the summer of 1100 in order to enforce his sovereign rights and recaptured large parts of Cilicia . Since the patriarch openly sympathized with Byzantium and, in his sermons, encouraged the Greek-Byzantine inhabitants of the city to hope for a liberation by the emperor, Bohemond had him expelled from the city, whereupon John fled into exile in Constantinople . In his place he installed Bernhard as the new Patriarch of Antioch in September 1099.
During his episcopate, Bernhard took an active part in the fight against the Muslims, so he took part in the Battle of Harran with his own contingent in 1104 . Also in 1119 he was in Roger's army of Salerno , but stayed behind in Artah, while Roger's army was almost completely wiped out in the devastating battle of Ager Sanguinis . Thereupon Bernhard organized the defense of the now unprotected Antioch until relief arrived under Baldwin II of Jerusalem and Pons of Tripoli .
When Bernhard died in 1135, the Norman cleric Ralf von Domfront was elected as his successor as Patriarch of Antioch.
literature
- Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-406-39960-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b See Runciman, p. 307
- ↑ See Axel Bayer: Split of Christianity. The so-called Oriental Schism of 1054.Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-412-14204-2 , p. 177
- ↑ Bernard Hamilton: Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch (c. 1142 - c. 1196) and the Unity of the Churches. In: Krijna Nelly Ciggaar, Adelbert Davids, Herman GB Teule: East and West in the crusader states. Context, contacts, confrontations. Peeters Publishers, Leuven 1996, ISBN 90-6831-792-X , p. 4
- ↑ Jean Richard: The Crusades, c. 1071-c. 1291. Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-62566-1 , p. 136
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| John VII Oxites ( Byzantine Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch ) |
Latin Patriarch of Antioch 1100–1135 |
Ralf from Domfront |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bernhard of Valence |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bernard de Valence; Bernard of Antioch; Bernhard of Artah |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Provencal cleric, Latin patriarch of Antioch, Bishop of Artah |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 11th century |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Valence , Provence |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1135 |