Besymjanny

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Besymjanny
Bezymyannyi volcano.jpg
height 2882  m
location Kamchatka
Coordinates 55 ° 58 '42 "  N , 160 ° 35' 12"  E Coordinates: 55 ° 58 '42 "  N , 160 ° 35' 12"  E
Besymjanny (Far East Federal District)
Besymjanny
Type Stratovolcano
Last eruption 2017
f6

Besymjanny ( Russian Безымянный ) is an active stratovolcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula in eastern Russia . The name of the mountain means The Nameless One . Besymjanny lies on the south-eastern flank of the extinct Kamen volcano in the Klyuchevskaya -Sopka stratovolcano group (in the literature also in the deviating transcription Kliuchevskoi-Bezymianny volcanic complex ), which also includes the Schiwelutsch .

The entire volcanic group was formed on volcanic subsoil about 4700 years ago.

Volcanic activity

For the past 3000 years, based on the volcanic deposits, a total of three sections of greater activity can be detected: according to radiocarbon dating, approximately in the periods from 2700 to 750 BC. BC, from 100 BC. To 450 AD and from 800 to 1000 AD

With the help of tephrochronology , the following eruptions were dated: 2750 ± 500 BC. BC, 1550 ± 500 BC BC, in the year 700 ± 50.

Before its renewed eruption in 1955, the volcano was considered extinct after its almost 1,000-year dormant period. After a series of earthquakes lasting about four weeks , however, the volcano erupted again on October 22, 1955, producing large amounts of volcanic ash through repeated volcanic explosions from a newly formed summit crater .

On March 30, 1956, a major eruption blew up the volcano's eastern flank and devastated its surroundings. The 1956 eruption of Besymjanny was similar to that of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 in the United States . On the Besymjanny, large parts of the mountain flank collapsed into the valley in a debris avalanche , about 0.5 cubic kilometers of material, and just like on Mount St. Helens, the volcano erupted laterally in a large Plinian eruption, leaving a crater with a horseshoe-shaped rim, which, however , came about later Activities for the most part has been replenished. The eruptions of the activity period 1955/1956 left the mountain about 200 meters lower than before. The area around the volcano has been greatly altered by the deposition of thick layers of volcanic ash, material from pyroclastic flows and other volcanic sediments. People were not harmed despite the size of the outbreak, especially since the surrounding area is uninhabited.

Since then the volcano has been active almost continuously. Other significant eruptions occurred from October 15 to November 1959 (emitting 27,000 cubic meters of ash). April 1960 (emission of 1.2 million cubic meters of ash), from 25. – 26. March 1961 (strength: VEI 3, emission of 7 million cubic meters of ash), May 21 to June 6, 1961, October 18 to December 15, 1961, October 21 to November 6, 1962, May to probably September 1963, 25 June to September 20, 1964, April 25-26 December 1964, from March 9, 1965 to March 1970 (strength: VEI 3, emission of 42 million cubic meters of lava and 25 million cubic meters of ash), March 1971 to December 1974.

In the mid-1980s, two major lava flows emerged, and in 1997 a Plinian eruption led to the formation of an approximately 200-meter-large summit crater and, with its surge, created a lahar that flowed up to 30 kilometers in the valleys of the Tundrowy Klyuch and Suchaja Chapiza rivers. The eruption column reached a height of 14 kilometers, its collapse was followed by pyroclastic currents reaching up to 5 kilometers .

In 2008 the ashes of another eruption rose to a height of 9 kilometers. Most recently there was increased activity in December 2017.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vladimir Yu. Kirianov: Volcanic Ash in Kamchatka as a Source of Potential Hazard to Air Traffic . In: Thomas J. Casadevall (Ed.): Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety . Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety (=  US Geological Survey Bulletin . Volume 2047 ). 1994, p. 57–64 (English, usgs.gov [PDF; 189.3 MB ; accessed on August 8, 2018]).
  2. ↑ Geological Hazards: Earthquakes - Tsunamis - Volcanoes, Avalanches, BA Bolt, WL Horn, GA MacDonald, RF Scott, p. 118 in the Google book search
  3. ↑ Bezymianny Volcano. KVERT / Volcano Observatory Notifications to Aviation (VONA)

Web links

Commons : Bezymianny  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files