Betza (Mishnah)
Betza ( Hebrew ביצה 'Egg' ) or Jom Tov (יום טוב 'Holiday' ) is a treatise from the Mishnah in the order Mo'ed (festival times, festival day) .
Name and position in the Seder
As is customary with ancient books in the Orient, the name Betza refers to the first word in the treatise:
“An egg that was laid on a public holiday - the House of Shammai says: It should be eaten! But the Hillel House says: It shouldn't be eaten. The Shammai house says: sourdough like an olive and leavened food like a date. The Hillel House says: This and that like an olive. "
The name Yom Tov, on the other hand, summarizes the main content of the treatise, the treatment of religious holidays.
In the important Mischnah manuscripts and traditional editions, the treatise is in seventh place after Sukkah and before Rosh Hashanah , in the Talmud manuscript Munich, however, in eighth place after Joma and before Sheqalim .
content
The treatise deals with halachic regulations on holidays, on which work should not be carried out, but the preparation of food - in contrast to Shabbat and Yom Kippur - is permitted.
"There is no [difference] between a holiday and Shabbat other than food preparation."
These are the first and last days of Passover and Sukkot , as well as the feasts of Shavuot and Rosh Hashanah . However, regardless of this statement, there are further differences between the holidays mentioned, which are discussed in the treatise. There are also separate mixed natracts on Shabbat and Yom Kippur.
The first chapter focuses on two basic principles: On the one hand, equipment that is required to carry out activities on the public holiday must be provided the day before. On the other hand, it must be ensured that activities that are carried out on both workdays and public holidays are carried out in a special way on the public holiday.
The second chapter is devoted to v. a. food preparation, while the third chapter focuses on the treatment of domestic and wild animals. Following on from this, the last Mishnah discusses provisions on the food trade. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with questions relating to the transport of objects.
Further information can be found in the Tosefta and in the Gemara of the Eretz-jisra'elic and Babylonian Talmuds .
See also
literature
- Wolfgang E. Gerber: Besa (egg) (= Gießener Mischna . Band 2, 7 ). Töpelmann, Giessen 1963.
- Frank Ueberschaer : Beza (Jom Tov) - public holiday . In: Michael Krupp (Ed.): The Mischna. 2nd order. Mo'ed - festival times . Part 2, 7. Lee Achim Sefarim, Jerusalem 2004, ISBN 965-7221-20-X .