Bian Que

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Bian Que or Pien Chiao ( Chinese  扁鵲  /  扁鹊 , Pinyin Biǎn Què , W.-G. Pien Ch'üeh , also: Qiao Bian and Pien Ch'iao ; approx. 500 BC) was founded in today's Renqiu in Hebei born. The name Bian Que means "bird". His real name was Qin Yueren ( Chinese  秦越 人 , Pinyin Qín Yuèrén ), his medicine teacher is said to have been Chang Sangjun. The work of Bian Que is equal to that of other greats in antiquity (e.g. Hippocrates ea) and is still formative today; however, he lived at least a generation from Hippocrates in the "spring and autumn" period of the Zhou dynasty . His works were largely passed down by Sima Qian in his recording " Shiji ".

Bian Que is the first to describe the “four diagnostic methods” of traditional Chinese medicine, which are taught in Chinese universities to this day . They also include Chinese pulse and tongue diagnostics.

Probably because of his extraordinary diagnostic capabilities, which were revolutionary in ancient China , he was ascribed miraculous powers (even the transplant of the heart). As is still common in Asia today, his empirical research results were not handed down as a flow chart or table , but as a story or poem . To clarify its indication and its level of knowledge about the spontaneous course of a disease process, the following fictitious case history :

The first page of Shiji .
Bian Que visited Count Huan in Qi State. It struck him that the count had a particularly pale complexion and he drew his attention to the fact that he was at the beginning of an illness, which, however, was still superficial and required simple treatment. The count, however, mocked him. Five days later he visited the count again and informed him with all due seriousness that the disease had continued and was no longer just superficial, but had also affected the blood vessels and that he now needed rapid treatment. However, the count refused again. Another five days later he saw the count again and told him that the disease had already affected his stomach and that it would be dangerous if he still refused treatment. The count again ignored his advice. Another five days passed before Bian Que saw the count. This time he turned around wordlessly and walked away without saying a word. The count found this strange and sent a messenger after him. He replied to the messenger (note: the conversation is the main content of this story, which describes the basic course of an untreated invasion of external pathogens): As long as the disease is still superficial (in the skin), it can be treated with warm towels, If it is already deeper in the blood vessels, acupuncture and moxibustion are indicated. If it goes further to the stomach (here the Chinese term "Wei" is meant, which goes far beyond that of the stomach in the anatomical sense), then there is still a real chance of helping with medication; but once the disease has reached the marrow, it is infamous. The count is now sick in his marrow. Another five days passed and the count became so sick that he could not get out of bed. So he sent for Bian Que, but she was nowhere to be found. Soon afterwards the count died.

This treatise found its expression in later years in the Shang Han Lun (Eng. Fever treatment) by Zhang Zhong Jing (famous doctor and scientist of the Han dynasty ).

To honor Bian Que, the Queshan Temple was built during the Han Dynasty . It is located in Shentou (about 25 kilometers west of Neiqiu ).

Individual evidence

  1. www.chinavoc.com.cn: The Doctor Bian Que; last viewed on March 21, 2008  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.chinavoc.com.cn  
  2. a b c d e Ho Peng Yoke, Lisowski FP: A Brief History of Chinese Medicine. 1997, pp. 10-15, ISBN 981-02-2803-1
  3. a b c Sun Zi's Art of War and Health Care, pp. 39-41, ISBN 7-80005-376-8
  4. www.china-intern.de: Why a doctor in China was called a “miracle doctor”; last accessed on March 21, 2008
  5. BIAN QUE - STORY OF AN ANCIENT CHINESE PHYSICIAN - ISBN 981-05-0439-X
  6. en.hebeitour.com.cn: Queshan Temple; last viewed on March 21, 2008 ( memento of the original from October 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / en.hebeitour.com.cn