Zhang Zhongjing

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Zhang Zhongjing ( Chinese  張仲景 , Pinyin Zhāng Zhòngjǐng , W.-G. Chang Chung-ching ; * around 150 ; † 219 ), also called Zhang Ji ( 張 機  /  张 机 ), was a doctor from the time of the Han dynasty . He is considered an important Chinese doctor at the end of the dynasty. He wrote valid treatment guidelines, collected the medical knowledge of his time and thus created the basis for traditional Chinese medicine .

Life

Although he is well known in modern Chinese medicine and considered one of the most important Chinese doctors, little is known about Zhang's life. Late sources say he was born in Nanyang around the time AD 150 , lived and worked in Changsha , and died in AD 219. There is no exact date of his life, but there is consensus among scholars that he lived before the year 220 AD.

Due to widespread civil wars, many people suffered from fever in his time. Zhang's family was no exception, and most of them died from an epidemic. He learned the medicine from his contemporary Zhang Bozu , who was his teacher. He studied the available medical literature and collected medical prescriptions known to him. Based on this, he wrote the classic work Shanghan Zabing Lun ( Chinese  傷寒 雜 病 論 , Pinyin Shānghán Zábìng Lùn , lit. " Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases "). Shortly after publication, his book was lost in the chaos of war that ravaged the era of the Three Kingdoms . Because of his contributions to Traditional Chinese Medicine , he is often viewed as the "sage" of Chinese medicine.

The knowledge from Zhang's main work Shanghan Zabing Lun was preserved by his successors and summarized in two books by his student Wang Shuhe : the Shang Han Lun ( 傷寒 論 , lit. "From the cold damage"), (a treatise on the treatment of epidemic fever ) and the influential work Jinkui Yaolue ( 金 櫃 要略 , lit. "Essential recipes from the golden box") (a compendium of clinical knowledge). These two works have been edited several times up to the present day. Zhang is considered to be the founder of the "cold damage" school of Chinese medicine because of the way these works were written. Zhang is buried in Nanyang. His tomb and temple have been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 1988 (3-240)

  • Quote: In terms of the high level, medicine is for curing nobles of their diseases; in terms of the lower level, it is used to save the poor from disaster; in terms of the middle level, it is used to keep us in good health - "Saint in Medicine".

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Zhāng Jī (Zhāng Zhong-Jǐng): Shāng hán lun. An eighteen-hundred-year-old Chinese medical text on externally contracted disease. = On cold damage. Translated and commentaries Craig Mitchell, Féng Yè, Nigel Wiseman. Paradigm Publications, Brookline MA 1999, ISBN 0-912111-57-7 , p. 2.
  2. ↑ See Zhāng Jī (Zhāng Zhong-Jǐng): Shāng hán lun. An eighteen-hundred-year-old Chinese medical text on externally contracted disease. = On cold damage. Translated and commentaries Craig Mitchell, Féng Yè, Nigel Wiseman. Paradigm Publications, Brookline MA 1999, ISBN 0-912111-57-7 , pp. 1-2; Michael Löwe (Ed.): Early Chinese texts. A bibliographical guide (= Early China Special Monograph Series. Vol. 2). Institute of East Asian Studies - University of California, Berkeley CA 1993, ISBN 1-557-29043-1 , p. 197, for discussion.
  3. ↑ Paul U. Innocence : Zhang Ji. 2005, p. 1528.
  4. ↑ See Lake Zhāng Jī (Zhāng Zhong-Jǐng): Shāng hán lun. An eighteen-hundred-year-old Chinese medical text on externally contracted disease. = On cold damage. Translated and commentaries Craig Mitchell, Féng Yè, Nigel Wiseman. Paradigm Publications, Brookline MA 1999, ISBN 0-912111-57-7 , pp. 1-4.
  5. ^ Tomb and Memorial Hall of Zhang Zhongjing ( Memento from May 5, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ).
  6. ^ Zhang Zhongjing, China Culture ( Memento March 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Zhang is the family name here, Zhongjing is the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Zhang, Zhongjing
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zhang, Ji; 張仲景 (Chinese); 張 機 (Chinese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Han Dynasty doctor
DATE OF BIRTH at 150
DATE OF DEATH 219