Pictorial timetable
A picture timetable , also called a graphic timetable or time-distance diagram , is used to display the movement of means of transport and, for this purpose, plots the time against the respective location of the means of transport. The most important special case is operation on a railway line , which is graphically displayed and planned with this aid . The other timetable documents are derived from this. The oldest known application of picture timetables was in the 1840s at the French Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord . Léon Lalanne attributes the invention to the engineer Jules Petiet.
Form of representation
Since the route is usually fixed and the time is variable, the times in Germany are usually selected as the (vertical) ordinate and the location (the route) as the (horizontal) abscissa . This form of representation is called a horizontal picture timetable . In Switzerland and Austria, the stationary pictorial timetable is also used, in which the route and time axis are reversed compared to the horizontal. The picture timetable shows the route as a horizontal line at the top, on which the operating points of the route are shown as vertical lines. The time scale runs vertically from top to bottom. Train journeys are drawn as inclined, sometimes colored timetable lines (movement line) with type of train , train number and days of operation. The speed of the movement is then greater, the flatter its descriptive characteristic curve is.
A pictorial timetable is available in printed or electronic form. Train stops, train encounters, train crossings and overtaking can be seen at a glance in the picture timetable . If a timetable line breaks off at an operating point, this means that the train ends there or changes to another route not shown in the picture timetable . Operational applications of this graphic representation of train routes are also in the monitoring of real-time operations, namely taking into account any disruptions and delays and taking suitable measures. This is done manually or as part of computer-controlled operations management .
commitment
In addition to internal purposes, extracts from route picture timetables, so-called route graphics, are made available by DB Netz AG to its customers for their own timetable planning. Only the customer's train paths with train type, train number and timetable times are stored in these. For data protection reasons, all other trains on the route are shown anonymously in gray.
In railway management , picture timetables are also used for classic capacity planning . By drawing in the closed- time stairs, it is possible to examine whether the timetable is free . Another method for estimating the occupancy rate by means of timetable compression according to UIC leaflet 406. Here, the blocked-time stairs of the trains are pushed together as closely as possible and the extent to which this condensed timetable fills the investigation period is measured.
Example: Kraichgaubahn
An excerpt from the operation of the Kraichgaubahn is shown - for the purpose of alphanumeric representation, however, considerably simplified - approximately as follows. To ensure that the representation of even long stretches does not conflict with the screen width, the abscissa / ordinate assignment described must be swapped for the example.
← Zeit → Weg
E
| --------------------------- | 0' 0' Heilbronn Pfühlpark
X X 2' 2' - Finanzamt
|\ E| 3' 3' - Friedensplatz
| \ /-----\ E | 5' 5' - Harmonie
| \ / X | 7' 7' - Rathaus
| \ / E \ | 9' 9' - Neckar Turm am Kurt-Schumacher-Platz
| \ / E \| 11' 11' Heilbronn Hbf Vorplatz
| X E X
| / \ E / | 14' Böckingen Sonnenbrunnen
| / \ E / | 15' Böckingen Berufsschulzentrum
| / X / | 19' Leingarten Ost
| / E \ / | 21' - Bahnhof
X E X | 22' - Mitte
| \ E / \ | 24' Leingarten West
| \ E / \ | 26' Schwaigern Ost
| \ E / \ | 20' 28' - Bahnhof
| \-----/ \ | 29' Schwaigern West
| E X 23' 32' Stetten am Heuchelberg
| E / | 26' 35' Gemmingen Bahnhof
| E / | 37' Gemmingen West
X / | 33' 42' Eppingen Bahnhof
-
---= Turn -
X= Train encounter ( crossing ) -
E= Fast train, only stops where theEtimes are in the column
Four trains are shown here in Leingarten. You can see several crossings between them and a near- overhaul in Schwaigern West . The steepest curve here is that of the express train. In this example, the line in question in Leingarten consists of four train groups . This is not a coincidence, but the temporal segment of the display has already been optimized so that each train group occurs exactly once.
Since the operation is constantly repeated in the case of a clocked timetable , it would be pointless to show all these repetitions in appropriate timetable documents. (The circulation and service formation can, however, demand this anyway.) The following principle results.
Hourly
In the case of regular traffic offered in both directions, there is a corresponding trip in the opposite direction for every trip in one direction. For example, the journey at one point on the route :17in one direction corresponds to that journey at the same point :43or a little earlier in the opposite direction.
The sum of these minutes at a fixed point results in a division by the remainder by the cycle time 0. This is called zero symmetry, since the symmetry minute here is 0 every hour at the minute. In practice, this applies, for example, to the Belgian rail network. In contrast, this value is consistently in Switzerland and mostly 58.5 in Germany and Austria. It is therefore sufficient to only consider pairs of journeys instead of all journeys; a suitable time window of half an hour is already significant (and everything else is superfluous), namely
- from minute
:00(right margin) to minute:30(left margin) and - mirrored back to
:00(again right edge).
(In contrast, relevant literature references use twice as much space and are therefore easier to understand.)
principle
Each pair of trips is to be shown as a characteristic curve in the time-distance diagram. This then plots the time against the route, i.e. against the stops , with the result shown schematically. Trains of the same train group meet either on the right or on the left edge (vertical lines) of the window. If you want to follow the route of a train group, you have to mirror it at the edge of the window.
Transfer to the two-hour cycle
If two-hour clocks are involved, the time window is twice as long, namely one hour. This results in a resolution that is only half as good here;
- the hour is on the right,
- the odd full hour on the left margin.
See also
- Distance-time diagram (mechanics) (general information about the distance-time diagram)
- Distance-time diagram (line construction site) (Distance-time diagram for the representation of line construction sites)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Howard Wainer, Polina Harik, John Neter: Stigler's Law of Eponymy and Marey's Train Schedule . In: Chance: a magazine for people interested in the analysis of data . tape 26 , no. 1 , 2013, ISSN 0933-2480 , p. 53-56 , doi : 10.1080 / 09332480.2013.772394 .
- ^ J. Pachl : System technology of rail traffic. 2011, ISBN 978-3-8348-1428-9 , Chapter 6: Timetable construction.
- ^ A. Hausmann, DH Enders: Fundamentals of rail operations. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9808002-4-2 , Chapter 1.10: Timetables.
- ↑ G. Heister: Railway operating technology. Eisenbahnfachverlag, Heidelberg / Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-9808002-2-9 , Chapter 6: Route management.
- ↑ DB Netz AG: Ancillary services - train path graphics. (fahrweg.dbnetze.com accessed on January 22, 2018)