Illustration of the traffic signs in the German Democratic Republic from 1979 to 1990

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Place-name sign (back) from the revised TGL 12096/01, which became binding in 1979 (photo from 1988)
Until the fall of the Berlin Wall, the signs on motorways that became valid with the 1971 amendment to the Road Traffic Act remained largely intact and were not replaced from 1979 (photo from 1990)
The photo shows the slightly modified parking lot sign Figure 250 V 3 published in 1988 with the revised TGL 12096/01, a P + R additional sign that does not meet the TGL specifications from 1988 (Figure 423), additional signs Figure 419 and Figure 332 (photo by 1988)

The picture table of the traffic signs in the German Democratic Republic from 1979 to 1990 shows the traffic signs in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) as they were after the TGL 12096/01 came into force on May 1, 1979 until the reunification . With the Unification Treaty of August 31, 1990, the GDR was dissolved as a state structure. As stipulated in the contract, the legal norms of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) became effective immediately and as far as possible . This also applied to the road traffic regulations (StVO) of the GDR. Some of the stipulations important for the GDR StVO, such as TGL 12096/05 for delineator posts , had already been repealed on February 1, 1990. Only a few StVO paragraphs of the German Democratic Republic remained temporarily in force. Initially, all traffic signs lost their validity with the following exceptions: Fig. 215 (no U-turn), Fig. 419 (not valid for the type of vehicle shown), Fig. 421 (not valid for severely disabled people with special permission) and Fig. 422 (valid in wet conditions). By December 31, 1990, these characters were also invalid.

The new road traffic regulations (StVO) introduced in the GDR under the catchy name StVO 77 had some initial difficulties, as the standardization of traffic signs for industry was only published in November 1978 and became binding on May 1, 1979. The legal text of the StVO, valid since January 1st, 1978, replaced the road traffic regulations valid in the GDR since 1964. Due to the delay in issuing the TGL 12096/01, it was not possible to manufacture signs according to the new StVO until the end of 1978 at the earliest.

In addition, road traffic-relevant signs or signals of the ordinances on the construction and operation of trams (BOStrab) are reproduced in this table .

colour

TGL specifications

Since the late 1920s, the yellow-black signage for towns and country roads had manifested itself in many parts of Germany and for the first time received a nationwide standardization and validity with the road traffic regulations of 1934 . Due to the expansion of the motorway, which was also under construction at the time, technical regulations stipulated blue and white signs from the start. This color system remained in effect in the GDR until the fall of the Berlin Wall. According to TGL 12096/01 of November 1978, the following requirements for the surface quality of the traffic signs affixed with foil had to be met:

  • white - reflective
  • red - fluorescent (reflective for images 224 and 225)
  • yellow - reflective (fluorescent for picture 301 and 302)
  • green - fluorescent

Only the color designs with blue, black and orange should be achieved by the sign painters with color applications. But here, too, there was the possibility - if available - of using a corresponding film. Arrows, symbols and lettering were to be underlaid with retroreflective material according to the contours. The traffic sign posts were also painted in the GDR. According to TGL 12146, fluorescent daylight colors should be used for yellow and red. The posts for the signs on motorways were to be painted gray or hot-dip galvanized. According to Table 12 of TGL 12096/01 of November 1978, the following rule applied:

  • The posts of the right-of-way signs in Fig. 130, 226 to 229 were to be painted alternately red and white along their entire length at a distance of 0.3 meters.
  • The posts for the signs in pictures 301 to 304, 314, 315 were to be set up in yellow
  • All other traffic signs were painted gray.

On January 1, 1987, with the revised regulation TGL 21196, a new color register became valid, which was revised again in June 1987. Sign painters could also fall back on the color palettes listed there.

practice

Practice deviated in many ways from the TGL specifications. Usually, due to the constraints of the shortage economy, only inferior and cheaper material could be used in the manufacture of traffic signs, posts and masts. The films in particular were not very durable, often puckered and quickly bleached. In order to prevent the permanent corrosion of the usually not hot-dip galvanized tubular steel posts, these theoretically had to be repainted regularly. Concrete posts, which are also possible, were more durable and cheaper. The rusting screws and washers that were on the front of most signs also made them unsightly. It was not uncommon for the sheet metal of the signs to continue to be painted entirely by hand, as in the past, when no foil material was available.

typography

With the entry into force of the TGL 12096/01 May 1, 1979 was also a new typeface introduced for the labeling of the traffic signs. Up to this point in time, the TGL 0-1451, which became binding on January 1, 1963, was a variant of the DIN 1451 that had been in use since the 1930s . As in many other areas of life and work in the GDR, with the progressive detachment from the known norms in parts of the population, a state-supporting identity and identification factor should become effective. As early as 1962 it was postulated:

"In dealing with the development of bourgeois German road traffic law, the underlying capitalist conditions are uncovered and the superiority of the socialist road traffic law of the GDR is proven."

- New publications: Explanation and collection of the most important legal provisions on road traffic law . In: State and Law , Register of Authors and Register of Subjects (1962), p. 191.

When looking for a completely new typeface for road traffic, those responsible had agreed on the bold style of the Gill Sans designed by the British Eric Gill between 1928 and 1930 . It is noteworthy that no font draft from the GDR itself or a friendly socialist brother country was chosen. However, the bold gill was unsuitable in individual forms for use as a commercial font in accordance with traffic signs. Therefore, it had to be revised in a number of areas in order to be suitable for the intended use.

Official handling of the new signage

The motorway signage, which was added to the road traffic regulations in 1970, remained in use until the turn of 1990, even though new signs were introduced in 1979. But since the expansion of the motorway in the GDR had no priority, only damaged signs were replaced. As a rule, photos and film recordings up to 1990 also document the symbols associated with this motorway signage from the StVO amendment that came into effect in 1971.

This development did not correspond to the other behavior of the GDR authorities. For example, the previous signs in the cities and in the countryside were quickly dismantled in many areas and replaced by the new signs, sometimes regardless of their good condition. In this renovation, the cities usually came first, followed - depending on the weighting - by the rural places and regions. The dismantling of all old signs was not yet completed in 1990.

I. Warning signs

II. Regulatory sign

III. Notice signs

Additional characters

Control systems for road traffic

Traffic control by color signs

This regulation is based on the revised TGL 12096/04 of November 1978, which became binding from May 1, 1979. The schematic drawings are taken from the representations from StVO 77 and combined with the dimensions of TGL 12096/04. The green arrow was introduced with this TGL .

Stop signs for trams

With the introduction of StVO 77, the bus stop sign for buses was regulated by the road traffic regulations itself with Fig. 243. The corresponding figure 244 for rail vehicles applied to road traffic areas. The signals of the ordinance on the construction and operation of trams (BOStrab) remained valid immediately at stops .

Subsequent changes and additions to the traffic signs

1981

On July 1, 1981, a new TGL for vertical guidance systems in road traffic came into effect. The StVO 77 was incorporated into it. The new TGL 12096/03 replaced its predecessor, TGL 12096, from 1966. As early as May 1st, 1986, the new TGL 12096/03 was no longer binding. Yellow and black guide hatches were to be attached to permanent obstacles such as bridges with narrower headroom and / or width, parapet walls, protruding corners of buildings, rocks and retaining walls if these were within the clearance profile. Red-and-white guide hatches were to be placed on shut-off devices that were not constantly on road surfaces. In addition, they had to be attached to obstacles and work equipment that was temporarily set up within the clearance profile. These included scaffolding, construction fences, as well as vehicles and work equipment for the construction and maintenance of roads and utility facilities.

1986

On May 1, 1986, a new version of this standard came into effect with the TGL 12096/03 published in October 1985. There was only a change in the signs for vertical guidance systems in Figure 605. In addition, the section guide and shut-off cones has been added. All other characters were retained according to the TGL from 1981, which had already been published.

1988

On January 1, 1988, the revised TGL 12096/01 published in February 1987 came into effect. Among other things, it contained supplementary traffic signs, which became part of an expanded StVO. As historical photographs show, some of the images were in use some time before their official publication.

Revised characters

New characters

Renumbered characters

Deleted characters

1990

On February 1, 1990, a slightly modified form of the delineator posts should come into effect; the corresponding, revised TGL 12096/05 was published in June 1989. It was planned that a 50 mm high bird escape hole should be made at the delineator posts 100 mm above the ground level. This TGL never came into force, as it had already been declared invalid on the validity date with the previously prescribed TGL 12096/05 of December 1973. In their place came the corresponding provisions of the West-StVO and the associated DIN standards .

Military traffic signs (selection)

The design of the military traffic signs (MVZ) was based on StVO 77.

Inclusion of traffic signs in the German road traffic regulations from 1990

On the basis of the 3rd Exemption Ordinance to the StVO of December 11, 1990, the continued use of the green arrow sign (green arrow) from the 1977 GDR StVO was permitted between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1991. Even before the comprehensive StVO design amendment of March 19, 1992 came into force, the ordinance on the temporary further use of the green arrow sign on traffic lights was issued on December 20, 1991 . This regulation came into force on January 1, 1992 and was to become invalid on December 31, 1996. However, the regulation for the green arrow introduced in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1978 only applied to the former GDR countries and applied to all arrow signs that were attached before July 1, 1991. With the introduction of the StVO amendment from 1992, two signs of the GDR StVO were initially used, a slightly changed version of the sign Wendeverbot , which had been introduced since the GDR StVO amendment of 1971, and picture 116 gravel as sign 116 with a new symbol included in the first post-war road traffic regulations valid for all of Germany. In 1994 the green arrow also became part of this StVO amendment. With the new road traffic regulations of 2013, sign 116 was removed from the traffic sign catalog, but could still be ordered as sign 145-50 in dangerous situations. With the introduction of the traffic sign catalog 2017, the sign was taken up again as a regular hazard sign and was given the number 101-52.

The following characters, which were only contained in the GDR StVO, were adopted in a very similar version or with a different symbol with or shortly after the amendment of 1992 in the first all-German post-war StVO:

See also

Under the title of road safety , the expended Deutsche Post of the GDR in the years 1966, 1969 and 1975, three stamp series on traffic safety .

Web links

Commons : East German traffic signs  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Klaus Zwingenberger: Motorway signs . In: Der Deutsche Straßenverkehr 8 (1980), pp. 4–5.

Remarks

  1. Federal Law Gazette, Unification Agreement, Part II, No. 35 of September 28, 1990, pp. 885-1248; here: p. 1223
  2. TGL 12096/01: Road traffic systems - guidance systems - traffic signs from November 1978, pp. 1−28; here p. 1.
  3. ^ Legal Gazette of the German Democratic Republic Part II, No. 49, Berlin, June 4, 1964, pp. 357–372.
  4. § 52 Entry into force and transitional provisions . In: Ordinance on behavior in road traffic (Road Traffic Regulations - StVO -). From May 26, 1977. In: Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic , Part 1, No. 20, pp. 257 ff.
  5. TGL 12096/03: Systems of road traffic - guidance devices - vertical guidance devices from October 1985, pp. 1−4; here p. 4 (notes).
  6. ^ Tactical and military traffic signs In: Handbuch für Militärtransportwesen / Straßenendienst ( Military Publishing House of the GDR), Berlin 1983, p. 612 ff.
  7. Third ordinance on exemptions from the road traffic regulations . In: Bundesgesetzblatt 69, Part 1, Bonn, December 19, 1990, p. 2765.
  8. Ordinance on the temporary further use of the green arrow sign on traffic lights . From December 20, 1991. In: Bundesgesetzblatt 68, Part 1, Bonn, December 31, 1991, p. 2391.