Illustration of the traffic signs in the German Democratic Republic from 1964 to 1971

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Traffic signs with the signs introduced in 1964 according to Fig. 46 c (petrol station), Fig. 47 (main road) and Fig. 27 (no left turns) in 1968 in Riesa
At Alexanderplatz in Berlin , the newly introduced traffic light for pedestrian protection routes according to Fig. 59 was also in operation in 1964. In the background you can still see the older version of Fig. 36 a, introduced in 1956 (note the right of way for the tram!).
GDR stamp series "Safety in Road Traffic"; here with the stamp published in 1969 that shows picture 18

The picture table of the traffic signs in the German Democratic Republic from 1964 to 1971 shows the traffic signs in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) as they are by the Road Traffic Act (StVO) of January 30, 1964 as a regulation on behavior in road traffic (road traffic Regulation - StVO -) have been introduced by the Council of Ministers of the GDR . The traffic signs of the StVO from 1964 already underwent extensive visual changes with the entry into force of the GDR standard Technical Norms, Quality Regulations and Delivery Conditions (TGL) number 10629, which came into force on January 1, 1968. Due to the additional additions to the traffic signs made in the TGL, the sign manufacturers now had a wide range of variants available. However, these additions were not included in the road traffic regulations until a new StVO was introduced on January 1, 1978. The 1971 amendment to the Road Traffic Act also brought major changes and is therefore dealt with in a separate article.

With the new version of the Road Traffic Regulations of 1964, current international road traffic regulations found their way into the GDR traffic sign catalog. In addition, the country's armed forces were able to intervene in traffic management within the framework of the road traffic regulations. In addition, road traffic-relevant signs or signals of the ordinances on the construction and operation of trams (BOStrab) are reproduced in this table .

Important innovations

In particular with the regulation of a number of new traffic signs on the subject of parking, those responsible wanted to react to the increasing individual traffic. In the mid-1960s, the GDR car industry at the Zwickau and Eisenach locations had exceeded the 1938 production output. But even at this point in time, the relationship between supply and demand was clearly disproportionate, and this increased further and further. Real, unlimited parking problems existed in the times of the GDR only in a few significant places. As a result, the setting up of the traffic signs in Fig. 44 a to g was usually limited to urban centers.

With the new StVO, the military , barracked units of the Ministry of the Interior and combat groups could now also close crossings on three sides. The corresponding armband of the regulatory post provided by the armed organs of the GDR was listed as picture 63 in the road traffic regulations. The armband remained part of the uniform of regulatory posts, but it disappeared from the StVO in 1971. The blocking options for armed units remained part of the traffic regulations.

In the Federal Republic of Germany , the 1956 StVO amendment dealt with the improved safety of pedestrian crossings. For this purpose, a flashing light to be set up on both sides of the street was arranged, but was used very sparingly for various reasons. As a result, this flashing light disappeared again from West German traffic on June 1, 1964. At this point in time, the new version of the GDR StVO from 1964 had already followed suit with its own yellow and black traffic light for the crossings called "pedestrian protection path" here. But it too was withdrawn from circulation with the new road traffic regulations announced in 1977.

Colours

In order to break away from the standards such as RAL and DIN, which were continued in West Germany after the war and to emphasize the independence of the GDR, one of the country's major projects was to introduce new industrial standards. The mass of old standards that had to be redefined, as well as the constantly changing requirements due to innovations in research and technology, made this work a Sisyphean work . In the GDR, the DIN standards were compared with the TGL standard ( technical standards, quality regulations and delivery conditions ) for the first time from 1955 . When the new StVO was introduced in 1964, the type color card 5/62 was the first GDR-specific color standard to appear in 1962. But it was only with the mandatory requirements of the TGL 10629 (guidance systems for road traffic), which were introduced on January 1, 1968, that all the basic standards relating to traffic signs were covered for the first time. As a replacement for the older standard TGL 0-6163 from November 1962, the standard TGL 20684, sheet 6, published in February 1967 (signal lights - colors and color boundaries in traffic - stationary signal lights in road traffic) defined the color boundaries. In January 1969 the color tones were again regulated by TGL 21196 (paints - color register). The basic colors for the traffic signs of the StVO were only defined with the unspecific designations red, yellow, blue etc. With these basic colors, the desired color spectrum could be defined using the TGL 20684 and the CIE standard color chart reproduced there , and the closest color could be selected from the type color card.

  • Red - TGL 21196 (1969): 0605 "Signalrot" = Lab L 44.78, a 50.80, b 26.62 (= RAL color register 840 R: 3000)
  • Yellow - TGL 21196 (1969): 0209 "Chrome yellow" = Lab L 76.81, a 9.08, b 67.66 (= RAL color register 840 R: 1004)
  • Blue - TGL 21196 (1969): 1464 "Ultramarine" = Lab L 37.22, a 8.32, b −27.81 (= no equivalent in RAL)

The perceptible spectrum in the 1976 CIE-Lab color space is given by TGL 21196, which came into effect on March 1, 1988. Although this last-mentioned TGL was created long after the StVO came out of force in 1964, the TGL color values ​​were first brought into a form that could be used by image processing programs. So the color values ​​could also be used for the illustrations in this article.

Fonts

Bold middle letters according to TGL 0-1451

Since the introduction of the TGL 0-1451, which became binding on January 1, 1963, those responsible in the GDR had also prescribed their own font standard for traffic signs. The TGL specifications were based directly on the pre-war standard of DIN 1451 and were borrowed from this design language. As with the DIN font weights, there were also narrow, medium and wide fonts, with print types in different font weights . Practice has shown that even official images in the legal texts or other publications did not adhere to these specifications and instead many variations of the DIN script were used, as was already common practice with sign painters before the war. This was not an East German phenomenon, but could also be observed in West Germany at the same time. It was not until the beginning of the 1970s, with the advent of electronic control systems for the production of traffic signs, that the uniformity of the lettering that we know today became established. The TGL-0-1451 gives clear guidelines for the cone and font sizes of the print types. Great importance was attached to good kerning and appropriate line spacing . All of this should increase the legibility of the road signs.

Manufacturing

With the TGL 10629, announced on April 10, 1967 and binding on January 1, 1968, standardized drill holes were made mandatory in traffic signs. The illustrations on this page show these drill holes at the precisely defined locations. Only the signs used on motorways could be produced without perforation. Signs made of sheet steel were to be designed with a bead . Sheet steel signs that had to be renewed should be replaced by aluminum or " plastic " signs . According to this standard, the manufacturer's company with address, month and year of manufacture had to be weatherproof on the back.

I. Warning signs

II. Prohibition signs

III. Mandatory sign

IV. Signs

V. Traffic control systems

Guiding stones and guide pegs

The provisions of the provisional guidelines for the expansion of rural roads (RAL 1937) from December 1942 continued to apply in the GDR. They were only slightly modified in terms of text, as confirmed in the textbook Routing in Road Construction from March 1956.

Stop signs for trams and motor vehicle lines

The signs stop for trams and stop for motor vehicles not contained in the StVO were originally published in the Reichsverkehrsblatt (RVkBl) in 1939, but were not included in the road traffic regulations. The ordinance from the Reichsverkehrsblatt with the stop signs for trams contained therein remained unaffected by the new ordinance on the construction and operation of trams (BOStrab) of December 8, 1959, which came into force on April 1, 1960 . The new BOStrab only repealed the previous ordinance from 1937. In its facilities, the BOStrab confirmed the previous stop signs for trams from 1959. The stop sign for motor vehicle lines continued to apply in its familiar form. In the 1960s, however, new signs for bus stops were also introduced.

Highway sign

At this time, the motorway signs were not yet part of the road traffic regulations and were regulated separately.

Subsequent changes and additions to the traffic signs

1965

In addition to the information on the regulatory items contained in the StVO of 1964, to which Figure 63 belonged, the First Implementing Provision for Road Traffic Regulations (StVO) followed on May 7, 1965 . Here precise information on traffic regulation by the armed organs of the GDR was written down. This implementation regulation expired on August 1, 1971.

1967

The guidance systems for road traffic introduced in June 1966 according to the then defined TGL 12096 were not included in the road traffic regulations. The guide hatches prescribed in the TGL could be applied to signs or to the obstacles themselves. A distinction was made between yellow and black hatching on permanent obstacles such as bridge piers, parapets and rocks, and red and black hatching on shut-off devices, vehicles and work equipment. The TGL 12 096 became binding on April 1, 1967.

The TGL defines an exception for white-red hatchings, in addition to their otherwise non-permanent use in the street area: their use with shut-off devices that were constantly on the road. Since the 1960s, the guiding stones have also appeared with a red and white paint. As stated in the West German ÖTV press , the central organ of the public services, transport and traffic union in 1954, natural stones that were too dark should be painted light. A similar rule may have applied in the GDR, as there, too, guiding stones were sometimes given a white shaft.

1968

Fig. 29 of the TGL 10 629 with the prescribed drill holes in 1968. Despite specifications that were precise to the centimeter, there were sometimes significant deviations in the designs.

With the TGL 10 629 (guidance systems for road traffic - traffic signs - signs), which came into force on January 1, 1968, the traffic signs underwent extensive visual changes and multiple additions that were not included in the road traffic regulations, but the Nonetheless, they gave sign manufacturers important pointers for a more comprehensive sign design. A correct representation of the traffic signs is only possible in connection with the TGL 10 629, sheet 3 (guidance devices for road traffic - traffic signs - symbols, color, writing) and the TGL 20 684, sheet 6 (signal lights - colors and color borders in traffic - fixed signal lights in traffic) possible. Both standards, like TGL 10 629, became binding on January 1, 1968. The standardized drill holes in the sign according to TGL 10 629, Table 2, are required by the authorities and are therefore an indispensable part of these traffic signs and are therefore shown in the illustration. When the TGL 10 629 was introduced, the type color card 5/62 was still used, and from October 1, 1969, the binding color card according to TGL 21 196 (TGL 21 196 from January 1969, paints - color register). The symbols reproduced here strictly adhere to the specifications of the TGL. In reality there could be deviations. Some of the symbols shown here were only valid in this form for around two and a half years before some new symbols were added in August 1971, others were given new design specifications and others were abolished.

1969

The new version of the BOStrab from March 25, 1969 abolished the stop sign for motor vehicle lines and changed the meaning of the remaining signs. Paragraph 18 stated: Stops are to be marked with the signal St 1 of the SOStrab , double stops with the signal St 2a or b of the SO Strab (Annex 3). According to § 70, 1 of the new version, this came into force upon publication. In 1969 the first edition of TGL 21196 was introduced, in which the standard colors applicable to the GDR were first specified. The names "bus" and "tram" under the "H" of the signs made it possible to distinguish between these two modes of transport at the stops.

See also

Under the title of road safety , the expended Deutsche Post of the GDR in the years 1966, 1969 and 1975, three stamp series on traffic safety .

Web links

Commons : East German traffic signs  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Legal Gazette of the German Democratic Republic Part II, No. 49, Berlin, June 4, 1964, pp. 357–372.
  2. § 52 Entry into force and transitional provisions . In: Ordinance on behavior in road traffic (Road Traffic Regulations - StVO -). From May 26, 1977. In: Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic , Part 1, No. 20, pp. 257 ff.
  3. See in particular: TGL 10629, sheet 2: Control systems for road traffic - traffic signs - signs; TGL 10629, sheet 3: Control systems for road traffic - traffic signs - symbols, color, writing
  4. TGL 21196 (June 1987): Paints - Color Register - Preferred Colors
  5. ^ Erwin Fuchs: Lines in road construction , Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, Leipzig 1956, p. 139.
  6. ^ Order of the Reich Minister of Transport for the introduction of uniform stop signs for trams and motor vehicle lines . In: Reichsverkehrsblatt B, No. 33 of July 29, 1939
  7. Ordinance amending the Road Traffic Act - StVO - of May 20, 1971 In: Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic , Part II, No. 51, Berlin June 22, 1971, pp. 409–415; here: p. 412.
  8. ^ Paul Trapp: What the road attendant needs to know about guidance systems! In: ÖTV press. Central organ of the trade union for public services, transport and traffic 5, 1954, p. 78 ff .; here: p. 78.