Organic fertilizer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As a bio-fertilizer (including bio-fertilizer) are bioeffektive designated substances. This can be living microorganisms or their permanent forms ( e.g. spores ), rotting vegetable waste (e.g. spent grains ), animal waste ( e.g. blood meal from slaughterhouse waste ) and animal droppings ( e.g. compost worm droppings ). In the broadest sense, mineral fertilizers that are used in organic farming ( e.g. guano ) are also included.

Organic fertilizer is usually applied as a substrate to the seeds , the plant surface or the arable soil . Organisms colonize the rhizosphere or penetrate the plants and thereby improve the absorption of nutrients.

In addition to the direct content of nutrients, organic fertilizers should make the nutrients set in the soil available to plants. It is expected that bio-fertilizer use of mineral fertilizers and the use of pesticides may be reduced. Bio-fertilizers based on compost and recycling waste with rhizobia , azotobacter , azospirillum and blue-green algae have long been in use.

  • Azotobacter is used on crops such as wheat, corn, mustard, cotton, potatoes and various types of vegetables.
  • Azospirillum vaccinations are used for the crops millet, corn, sugar cane and wheat.
  • Blue-green algae , of the type cyanobacteria , Nostoc , Anabaena , Tolypothrix and Aulosira are nitrifying and are used as vaccinations in rice fields.
  • Other bacteria , the so-called phosphate-dissolving bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans strain P5 or Pseudomonas putida strain P13, can dissolve insoluble phosphates of organic and inorganic origin. Particularly when the phosphate immobilization takes place through metal ions such as Fe, Al and Ca, or organic acids, the availability of phosphate in the soil is considerably reduced, which leads to deficiency symptoms in the crops.

A large part of the chemical fertilizers are fixed in the soil immediately after the field application, which means that less than 20 percent of the fertilizer application is usually available to the plants. With organic fertilizers an attempt is made to make the specified nutrients available again. Numerous experiments are intended to clarify how organic fertilizers and the organisms they contain cooperate with the roots and the surrounding soil in order to make the specified nutrient resources of the soil usable. At the same time, it is investigated how these bioeffectors can vitalize the plants and make them resistant to stress factors and diseases.

The following are considered to be outstanding researchers in the field of near-natural plant nutrition:

Web links