Birch bark texts
Birch bark texts ( Russian берестяны́е гра́моты , scientific transliteration berestjanýe grámoty , literally birch bark documents ) is the name for over 1000 texts on birch bark from the 11th to 15th centuries, mainly from Novgorod . Most of them are written in the Old Novgorod dialect and are among the oldest surviving evidence of the Old Russian language .
In terms of content, the texts offer an insight into everyday life at the time. They are private letters, communications or invoices from all walks of life.
The birch bark text no. 292 is considered the oldest surviving document in a Baltic Finnish language .
distribution
| Novgorod | 1072 texts |
| Staraya Russa | 45 |
| Torzok | 19th |
| Smolensk | 16 |
| Pskov | 8th |
| Tver | 5 |
| Moscow | 4th |
| Zvenyhorod (Ukraine) | 3 |
| Mstislavl (Belarus) | 2 |
| Vitebsk | 1 |
| Ryazan | 1 |
| Vologda | 1 |
(As of April 11, 2016)
Web links
Commons : Birch Bark Deeds - collection of images, videos and audio files
- Database of all birch bark texts found so far (photos, sketches, transcripts, translations - Russian)
literature
- Andrej Anatolʹevič Zaliznjak: Drevnenovgorodskij dialect. 2nd Edition. Jazyki Slavjanskoj Kulʹtury, Moscow 2004, ISBN 5-94457-165-9 .
- Jos Schaeken: Stemmen op berkenbast. Reports uit middeleeuws Russia: Dagelijks leven en communicatie . Leiden University Press, Amsterdam 2012, ISBN 978-90-8728-161-8 ( digitized ).
Remarks
- ↑ In Staraja Russa birch bark texts and an amulet found 2011 (Russian)
- ↑ Археологи впервые за 20 лет нашли в Смоленске берестяную грамоту _ РИА Новости
- ↑ В Москве найдена первая за семь лет берестяная грамота (First new birch bark finds in 7 years) Press release from the Archaeological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow (Russian)
- ↑ В Мстиславле нашли берестяную грамоту XII в. и фрагмент с трезубцем (Euroradio)
- ↑ передача из цикла «Мир науки»: Археология: загадки времени (с 7 мин., Переславль-Рязанский)
- ↑ 5 new pieces of birch bark in Veliky Novgorod (Russian)