Bruchsal Episcopal Castle
| Bruchsal Episcopal Castle | ||
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 Keep 2015 |
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| Alternative name (s): | Old Bruchsal Castle | |
| Creation time : | Late 12th century | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | Keep | |
| Place: | Bruchsal | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 7 '28.9 " N , 8 ° 35' 57.9" E | |
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The Episcopal Castle Bruchsal , also called Alte Burg Bruchsal , is a castle in Bruchsal in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg . Apart from the keep , no remains of the castle are visible.
history
Archaeological research has shown that parts of the castle date from the 11th century. The Episcopal Castle of Bruchsal was first mentioned in a document at the end of the 12th century. The Speyer bishop Ulrich II von Rechberg is likely to have built the castle during his reign between 1178 and 1189 or expanded the existing buildings. He provided the means for the construction from his private fortune. The complex consisted of a defensive tower with a surrounding wall. Before his death, Ulrich bequeathed the castle to the Speyer diocese in 1190 and thus became the property of the Speyer bishops. At the beginning of the 14th century, Bruchsal was the scene of wars several times. Perhaps for this reason, Bishop Gerhard von Ehrenberg decided to expand the castle in 1358. The square keep is today the oldest building in Bruchsal and the only structure of the former castle still visible. During the Peasant Wars in 1525, Bruchsal was also affected by the actions. After Bruchsal was occupied by rebellious farmers on April 23, 1525, Bishop Georg fled the city. His brother, Elector Ludwig V , recaptured the city on May 25, 1525. Seventy rebels were thrown into the dungeon of the keep, five rebels were beheaded. An archaeological investigation of the castle was necessary from 1980 to 1982, as the area was then built on with the civic center that exists today, including the underground car park.
The 38 m high keep was renovated in 1986/87 as part of the construction work for the community center, given a new hood and made accessible as a lookout tower via an attached external staircase .
investment
Apart from the keep , no visible parts have survived. During the excavations from 1980 to 1982, four phases of stone construction were found. The first development can be assumed for the second half of the 11th to the beginning of the 12th century. The second construction phase dates from the second half of the 12th century. The plant consisted of a rectangular, non-uniform enclosure with a maximum side length of 41 meters and a 10 × 16 meters large stone, a hall construction or may Palas . Well-preserved cellars could be proven. The gate should have been in the southwest wall. No other wooden structures could be found. An inscription on the keep confirms the construction for the year 1358. Furthermore, an L-shaped building was probably built around this time, which reached from the keep to the gate. According to historical sources, the building took over the function of the Palas, the previous building remained. The gate was reinforced by a tower. Other buildings to be accepted are no longer detectable due to recent changes. The last changes were made in the 15th century. A building with a partially basement was built based on the old hall. On the north side, the wall was moved outwards along the keep and provided with a gate and a well , and the courtyard was paved. As a historical view from 1689 shows, the castle should have existed in this form until the end of the 17th century.
photos
Cast of the inscription on the keep
Floor plan of the castle
Individual evidence
- ^ Regesta Badensia: Documents from the Grand Ducal Baden General State Archives from the elders to the end of the 12th century, 1836
- ^ History of the Old Castle ( Memento from April 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) - accessed on December 24, 2009
- ↑ Photo of the information board for the keep and community center, on commons.wikimedia.org
- ^ Lutz, D .: The castle of the bishops in Speyer in Bruchsal in Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 1982, page 229ff.
literature
Dieter Planck [Ed.]: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 1982. Theiss, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-8062-0339-3
Web links
- On the history of the Episcopal Castle Bruchsal ( Memento from May 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive )