Blüse Neuwerk
| Blüse Neuwerk | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Place: | Neuwerk | |
| Location: | on what was then the northwestern end of the island of Neuwerk at the mouth of the Elbe | |
| Geographical location: | 53 ° 55 '19 .5 " N , 8 ° 29' 14.5" E | |
| Fire height : | 23 m | |
|
||
| Identifier : | FW | |
| Operating mode: | Hard coal | |
| Operating time: | 1644 to 1814 | |
The Blüse Neuwerk (also known as Feuerblüse ) was built in 1644 by the Hamburg Admiralty on the island of Neuwerk . Together with the other beacons and the Neuwerk defensive tower, which was still unlit at the time, it was the first fired navigation mark in the Elbe estuary and, after the coal blooms Helgoland (1630) and Wangerooge (1631), the third on the German North Sea coast.
The wooden frame was noticeably high for that time and stood in the northwestern foreland . When its position was threatened at the beginning of the 19th century by erosion of the island's edge, it was replaced in 1814 by a wooden lighthouse behind the dike line.
It stood with the Neuwerk fortified tower (from 1814 lighthouse) built in 1310 in a bearing line to the Schartonne in front of Scharhörn . The north beacon, which collapsed in 2017, was also on this bearing a little further to the sea and darkened the fire of the Blüse when the bearing was reached.
In 1800 Johann Marcus David painted his watercolor “The big fire blouse on the Neuwerck island, near Cuxhafen” (Hamburg State Archives).
In the Carta Marina , Olaus Magnus recorded a fired sea mark on Neuwerk as early as 1539, but one is still missing on Melchior Lorck's much detailed Elbe map from 1568.
construction
A three-part ladder under the platform led to the so-called guard house , a small room for the flower keeper. The large grate stood on the platform itself. In order to protect the beam construction from the open fire, a layer of clay, a layer of sand and, on top, a brick paving covered the wooden planks.
A replica of the Neuwerker Blüse stood in the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven from 1979 to 1994 .
business
Initially, the coal fire was only operated between Michaelmas (September 29th) and March 31st, from the beginning of the 18th century from September 14th to April 30th, from 1735 from September 1st.
For year-round firing from 1761 onwards, 1000 tons of hard coal were required. Until 1771, Hamburg imported coal directly from Scotland , which had a higher bitumen content and thus produced a brighter glowing fire than hard coal from Germany. Then the coal was obtained from Hamburg. For this purpose Hamburg built its own coal galiote and maintained a coal port near the beacon. From 1673, the ship also supplied the Blüse operated by Hamburg on Heligoland with hard coal.
The blooming master ran the blouse with two farmhands and initially earned only 30 thalers a year, from 1656 50 thalers, from 1692 530 Luebian marks and from 1695 650 Luebian marks.
Its operation was inactive from 1807 to 1813. There were further interruptions due to the prevention of the flowering attendants, due to ice drift and the fires of the beacon in 1724 and 1794, despite the extinguishing water on the platform.
| from | to | Blüsenmeister |
|---|---|---|
| 1688 | Jacob von Goldbeck | |
| 1688 | 1710 | Joseph von Goldbeck |
| 1710 | 1719 | Peter Tode (also Vogt) |
| 1719 | 1726 | Johann Hinrich Voss (also Vogt) |
| 1726 | 1727 | Peter Voss |
| 1727 | 1732 | Thomas Unterberg |
| 1732 | 1759 | Magnus Wilckens I. |
| 1759 | 1765 | Magnus Wilckens II. |
| ? | ||
| 1773 | 1783 | David Wilhelm Kühlstein |
| 1783 | 1805 | Christian Wichmann |
| 1805 | 1815 | Claus Schmidt (from 1815 first lamp keeper on the big tower) |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Arend Lang : History of the sea mark system. Development, establishment and administration of the navigation system on the German North Sea coast until the middle of the 19th century . Ed .: The Federal Minister of Transport. Bonn 1965, p. 59-61, 70-72 .
- ↑ Arend Lang : History of the sea mark system. Development, establishment and administration of the navigation system on the German North Sea coast until the middle of the 19th century . Ed .: The Federal Minister of Transport. Bonn 1965, p. 34 .
- ↑ The Neuwerker Fireblood. Archived from the original on January 7, 2010 ; accessed on January 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Neuwerk. In: Förderverein Leuchtturm Roter Sand eV. Retrieved on December 29, 2017 .
- ^ Ferdinand Dannmeyer : A tower and its island - monograph of the North Sea island of Neuwerk . Ed .: Ferdinand Dannmeyer, Erich von Lehe and Heinrich Rüther . Aug. Rauschenplat, Cuxhaven 1952, tower and beacon in their meaning for shipping, p. 17.36.64 .
- ↑ a b Kurt Ferber: The tower and the beacon on Neuwerk . In: Journal d. V. f. Hamb. Business tape XIV , 1909, p. 5 .