Bluebeard helmet hummingbird

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Bluebeard helmet hummingbird
Bluebeard Helmet Hummingbird, illustration by John Gould (1883)

Bluebeard Helmet Hummingbird, illustration by John Gould (1883)

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Helmet hummingbirds ( Oxypogon )
Type : Bluebeard helmet hummingbird
Scientific name
Oxypogon cyanolaemus
Salvin & Godman , 1880

The blue-bearded helmet hummingbird ( Oxypogon cyanolaemus ) is a species of hummingbird belonging to the genus of helmet hummingbirds ( Oxypogon ), which is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northeastern Colombia . It was considered lost from 1946 to 2015.

features

The bluebeard helmet hummingbird reaches a length of 11.2 to 12.7 cm. It has a very short beak about 0.8 cm in length. The top is mainly olive green. The protruding black and white crest is long, pointed and scruffy. The elongated neck feathers form a white beard. A clear, white frame on the face runs from the back of the head, around the ear covers to the sides of the chest. The beard is marked by a purple-blue central stripe. The sides of the head are dark. The wide collar is gray-white. The rest of the underside is dirty gray-white. The breast is scaled gray with isolated olive-colored discs. Rump and under tail-coverts are gray-white. The relatively long tail is slightly forked.

status

The Bluebeard Helmet Hummingbird was only known from 62 museum specimens that were collected between 1879 and 1946. In the following period, expeditions to rediscover the species failed, including between 1999 and 2003, in February 2007 by Niels Krabbe and in 2011. In March 2015, the Colombian ornithologists Carlos Julio Rojas and Christian Vasquez from the nature conservation organization Fundacíon ProAves managed to get three specimens of the Bluebeard Watch and take photos of helmet hummingbirds. The two scientists studied the effects of fires set by ranchers from the indigenous Kogi people in the Páramo , an ecosystem in the high mountains of South America, on the fauna. In the less than ten hectare area, only a few spots were covered with natural vegetation. The rest of the area was charred. For related species of the genus Oxypogon the nectar of true Korbblütlergattung Espeletia as the main source of food. In the study area, however, only a few Espeletia specimens survived the fire. The Bluebeard Helmkolbiri was added to the critically endangered category of the IUCN Red List in 2014. The greatest threat is the use of the páramos as pastureland, the burning of vegetation and the resulting loss of forage plants such as Espeletia or Libanothamnus occultus .

Systematics

The blue-bearded helmet hummingbird was described as an independent species by Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman in 1880 , but was subsequently regarded as one of the four subspecies of the green-bearded helmet hummingbird ( Oxypogon guerinii ) until 2013 . Differences in the plumage and in the length of the crest and tail prompted the ornithologists Nigel Collar and Paul Salaman to reassign the blue-bearded helmet hummingbird to the status of species. From 2014, the IUCN , BirdLife International , the International Ornithological Congress , the South American Classification Committee and several checklists have subscribed to this view .

Etymology and history of research

Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman described the bluebeard helmet hummingbird under the current name Oxypogon cyanolæmus . The location for the type specimen that the geographer Frederic AA Simons had collected in 1879 was the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . Already in 1848 John Gould had introduced the generic name Oxypogon for the green-bearded helmet hummingbird ( Oxypogon guerinii ) and the white-bearded helmet hummingbird ( Oxypogon lindenii ). This term is derived from the ancient Greek words » ὀξύς oxýs « for »sharp, pointed« and » πώγων pṓgōn « for »beard«. The specific epithet is also derived from ancient Greek words, " κυανός kyanós " for "dark blue" and " λαιμός laimós " for "throat".

literature

  • Rojas & Vasquez (2015): Rediscovery of the Blue-bearded Helmetcrest Oxypogon cyanolaemus, a hummingbird lost for almost 70 years. Conservación Colombiana 22: 4-7.
  • Collar, NJ; Salaman, P. 2013. The taxonomic and conservation status of the Oxypogon helmetcrests . Conservación Colombiana 19: 31-38.
  • Josep del Hoyo, Nigel J. Collar, David A. Christie, Andrew Elliott, Lincoln DC Fishpool: HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines , Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, ​​2014
  • Josep del Hoyo , N. Collar, GM Kirwan, P. Boesman, & CJ Sharpe: Blue-bearded Helmetcrest (Oxypogon cyanolaemus). In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie & E. de Juana (eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2015, accessed March 21, 2015.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: On the birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Colombia . In: The Ibis (=  4 ). tape 4 , 1880, p. 169–178 ( online [accessed March 22, 2015]).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 16 , no. 180 , 1848, pp. 11-14 ( online [accessed March 22, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Bluebeard Hummingbird ( Oxypogon cyanolaemus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rojas & Vasquez (2015): Rediscovery of the Blue-bearded Helmetcrest Oxypogon cyanolaemus, a hummingbird lost for almost 70 years. Conserv. Colomb. 22: 4-7.
  2. ^ Salvin & Goodman: Birds of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Ibis ser. 4, v. 4, 1880, p. 172
  3. ↑ James Lee Peters: Checklist of the Birds of the Word, Vol. 5, 1945. P. 122
  4. ↑ Collar, NJ; Salaman, P. 2013. The taxonomic and conservation status of the Oxypogon helmetcrests. Conservación Colombiana 19: 31-38.
  5. ↑ IOC World Bird List: Hummingbirds
  6. ^ Proposal (609) to South American Classification Committee Split Oxypogon into four species
  7. ↑ Blue-bearded Helmetcrest ( Oxypogon cyanolaemus ) at Avibase; accessed on March 21, 2015.
  8. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a., p. 172.
  9. ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a., p. 173.
  10. ^ John Gould, p. 14.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 287
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 127.