Blekinger rune stones

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Spread of rune stones in Sweden

The Blekinger rune stones or Blekinger group is a group of rune stones ( Swedish Runsten ) with originally different locations around the city of Sölvesborg in the southeastern Swedish province of Blekinge län . The stones bear inscriptions in the older Futhark in the late Norse language . The rune stones in Blekinge and Skåne have numbers from the Danish number range (DR), as the areas belonged to Denmark for a long time.

The group consists of six fragments; and (sorted numerically) from the stones:

description

Only the Björketorp stone is still in its original location. The peculiarity of the group formation of these stones is essentially based on runological-linguistic facts and in cultural and religious studies references.

  • In addition to the runon-logical and linguistic aspects of the peculiarity, the stones or the inscriptions are considered to be important witnesses of the transition from the 24-type older Futhark to the shortened 16-type younger Futhark series, which resulted in changes in the graphic design and the transitions from the urnordian ( Runic Norse) attests to Old Norse, or makes this process more understandable. This is particularly evident in the use of the two A runes for vowel sound values ​​and umlauts.
  • In terms of cultural and religious history, the inscribed context is, first of all, an important source for ancient Germanic religious studies through its ritual and magical content (curse formulas). In relation to Germanic cultural and tribal studies, the inscriptions of the group are scientifically significant through identifying connections through the naming of people as the founders of the stone setting (Istaby: Hariwulf, Haduwulf, Heruwulf ) from the family of the Swedish-Danish kings / princes of the 7th century Century. Therefore, the inscriptions on the stones by Björketorp and Stentoften are in the focus of research, as their inscriptions basically offer the same text - the so-called “Blekinger formula” in relation to the curse formulas mentioned in the introduction .

Inscriptions

Usually after the reading by Elmer H. Antonsen. Translations into German usually based on the entries of the “Runenprojekt” of the University of Kiel zu Antonsen, Thomas Birkmann, Klaus Düwel and Wolfgang Krause, which can be accessed online .

Stentofte

The Stentoftenstein was first recorded in writing in 1830. The stone was found on a parcel not far from Sölvesborg Castle, probably once encircled by building stones , comparable to the location of the Björketorpstein. The 1.2 m high stone was brought to the church in Sölvesborg in 1864 and placed in the portal there.

Date of manufacture / installation 600–650 AD

(I) niuhAborumz (II) niuhagestumz (III) hAþuwolAfzgAfj
(IV) hAriwolAfzmAg * usnuh * e (V) hidezrunonofelAhekAhederAginoronoz
(VI) herAmAlAsAzArAgeuwelAdudsA ^ AtbAriutip
  • Transliteration:
ni uhA borumz ni uha gestumz hAfniwolAfz gAfj hAriwolAfz mAg [i] u snuh * e hidezruno no felAh
  • Translation:
“Haþuwolªfʀ gave the new farmers, the new strangers a good year. Hariwolªfʀ ... is now protection. The glossy runes are here, magic runes. Restless through ignorance, having a treacherous death who breaks that. "
Alternatively:
“Haþuwolªfʀ gave a good year through [the sacrifice of] nine goats, nine stallions. Hariwolªfʀ is now protection for the boy. The glossy runes are here, magic runes. Restless through ignorance, a treacherous death [is] whoever destroys this [monument]. "
  • Blekinger rune stones

  • Runestone from Stentoften

  • Copy of Gummarp's inscription Ole Worm 1643.

  • Runestone from Istaby

  • Björketorp runestone

Gummarp

Date of manufacture / installation 600–650 AD

(A) hAbuwolAfA
(B) sAte
(C) stAbAbria
(D) fff
  • Transliteration:
hApuwolAfA sAte stAbA þria fff
  • Translation:
"Hǫþuwulafz [PN Kampf-Wolf ] put three (runic) sticks, fff [possible abreviatur through term runes ( Fehu ) for cattle, property, wealth ]"

The stone originally came from the Gommor ( Gommor Eng ) area near the name-giving place Gummarp near Sölvesborg. The stone, believed to have originally been 0.6 m high, was found in a field in 1627 or has since been made public. In 1652 the stone was brought to the courtyard of the Trinitatis Kirke in Copenhagen , where it was lost or destroyed in the great city fire of 1728. A copy made at the time of the find with a drawing of the stone by Jon Skonvig forms the current tradition of the inscription. Skonvig was the illustrator of Olaf Worm ( Olaus Wormius ), who commissioned Skonvig to make drawings for his collection of Danish rune products.

Istaby

Date of manufacture / installation around AD 600–650.

  • Inscription:
(A) (I) AfatzhAriwulafa (II) hAþuwulafzhAeruwuIaflz
(B) wasAitrunAzþAiAz
  • Transliteration:
Afatz hAriwulafa hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz warAit runAz þAiAz
  • Transmission:
"Haþuwulafz [PN Kampf-Wolf ], son of Hjǫruwulafz [PN Sword-Wolf ], carved these runes in memory of Haeriwuiafz [PN Heer-Wolf ]"

The Istaby Stone was recorded in 1748 in the eponymous town of Istaby near Sölvesborg. The 1.8 m high stone, described on two sides, is now in the exhibition of the “ Statens Historiska Museet ” in Stockholm.

Björketorp

Date of manufacture / installation 600–650 AD

(A) (I)  hAidzrunoronu (II) fAlAhAkhAiderAg
(III) inArunAzArAgeu (IV) hAerAmAlAusz
(V) utiAzwelAdAude (VI) sAzpAtbArutz
(B)      upArAbAsbA
  • Transliteration:
hAidzruno ronu fALAhAk hAiderA ginArunAz ArAgeu hAerAmAlAusz uti Az welAdAude sAz bAt barutz ubArAbA sbA
  • Translation:
“I hand over the row of glossy runes here, mighty runes. Whoever destroys this is defenseless through insolence, an insidious death in a foreign country. Corruptive prophecy. "

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ In the English-speaking world and elsewhere, the group is named as Lister or Listerby stones .
  2. ↑ Henrik Williams: Lister . In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , 18, p. 511.
  3. ^ Klaus Düwel: Runenkunde . Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2008, p. 42f.
  4. ^ Elmer H. Antonsen: Runes and Germanic Linguistics . Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2002, ISBN 3-11-017462-6 , p. 303.
  5. ^ Elmer H. Antonsen: A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions . Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 1975, pp. 85f.
  6. ↑ Thomas Birkmann: From Ågedal to Malt. The Scandinavian runic inscriptions from the end of the 5th to the end of the 9th century . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1995, p. 137.
  7. ^ Klaus Düwel: Runenkunde . Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2008, p. 42f.
  8. ^ Elmer H. Antonsen: A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1975, p. 84.
  9. ^ Elmer H. Antonsen: A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1975, p. 87 f.