Eyelids
| Eyelids | ||||||||||||
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Blepharicera fasciata |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Blephariceridae | ||||||||||||
| Loew , 1861 | ||||||||||||
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The blephariceridae (Blephariceridae), also called network mosquitoes are a family of Diptera (Diptera) and are among the mosquitoes (Nematocera).
features
The animals are about the size of a mosquito , long-legged and have hardly any hair. The compound eyes are often divided in two by a bar into an upper and a lower area. The upper area consists of large facets, the lower area of small ones. The converted to a Stechsaugrüssel mouthparts are very well trained. The front wings, which are characterized by a network of folds, are striking, the rear wings are transformed into swinging arches ( holders ) as with all two-winged birds .
Way of life
The males of the eyelid are nectar suckers , and the females can feed themselves in this way. However, these attack and suck out small, soft-skinned insects far more often . In vertebrates and humans, the eyelids do not suck and they do not bite either. In some species there is a swarm formation of the males, by which the females are attracted. The copulation and the laying of eggs take place in summer, the eggs are laid in strong flowing streams with very cold water and stuck to stones near the surface of the water.
The larvae hatch in the streams. They are extremely well adapted to life in strong flowing waters. The head and chest are fused into one segment with the first abdominal section, followed by five individual segments and the last three abdominal segments are again fused. The body is very flat and broad and slightly arched dorsally. On the underside of the body there are six suction cups lying one behind the other , which are formed from the outer skin (cuticle). With these rather complex structures, the larvae can hold onto the stones by creating a vacuum, even in very strong currents. The adhesion is further increased by micro hairs on the suction cup surface. Movement takes place by releasing the suction cups one after the other or by first releasing the front and then the rear suction cups. Even when moulting, the larva cannot be washed away, as the newly created suction cups are immediately ready to work.
The larvae breathe through the tracheal gills from the second to the fourth and thus the last larval stage, previously through pure skin breathing. The larvae are foster eaters who graze on the growth on stones, especially diatoms , with pines . To prevent them from drifting away after scraping, the mosquito larvae have thick hairs in the mouth area that hold back the food.
To pupate, the larvae also attach themselves to stones, with the front end pointing against the current. The adhesion is probably due to a secretion from the three penultimate tracheal openings ( spiracles ). Pupation always takes place in fairly shallow water. The doll breathes through lamellar structures (spiracular gills) on which air bubbles are held and thus form a plastron . These structures make it possible to breathe atmospheric oxygen and act accordingly when the stone falls dry. The finished insect hatches under the water and pulls itself out of the water with its front legs.
Systematics
Around 300 species of eyelid are known worldwide, seven of which are also found in Germany. 42 species are native to Europe.
- Apistomyia aphrodite Zwick , 1978
- Apistomyia ariadne Zwick , 1978
- Apistomyia elegans Bigot , 1862
- Blepharicera fasciata fasciata ( Westwood , 1842)
- Blepharicera fasciata gynops ( Zwick , 1970)
- Blepharicera fasciata ( Westwood , 1842)
- Dioptopsis djordjevici ( Komárek , 1932)
- Dioptopsis sardous Zwick , 1968
- Dioptopsis vernus Giudicelli , 1963
- Hapalothrix lugubris Loew , 1876
- Liponeura angelieri Giudicelli & Lavandier , 1975
- Liponeura bezzii Bischoff , 1925
- Liponeura bilobata Loew , 1869
- Liponeura Bishop Edwards , 1928
- Liponeura brevirostris Loew , 1877
- Liponeura buresi Komárek & Vimmer , 1934
- Liponeura cinerascens cinerascens Loew , 1844
- Liponeura cinerascens jugoslavica Komárek & Vimmer , 1934
- Liponeura cinerascens minor Bischoff , 1922
- Liponeura cinerascens Loew , 1844
- Liponeura cordata Vimmer , 1916
- Liponeura cortensis Giudicelli , 1963
- Liponeura cretica Zwick , 1974
- Liponeura cypria Zwick , 1978
- Liponeura decampsi Giudicelli & Lavandier , 1975
- Liponeura deceptiva Vaillant , 1968
- Liponeura deceptrix Zwick , 1978
- Liponeura decipiens Bezzi , 1913
- Liponeura discophora Zwick , 1980
- Liponeura edwardsi Bischoff , 1930
- Liponeura edwardsiana Mannheims , 1954
- Liponeura gelaiana Giudicelli & Lavandier , 1975
- Liponeura hispanica Zwick , 1991
- Liponeura isabellae Zwick , 1991
- Liponeura itala Zwick , 1978
- Liponeura komareki Vimmer , 1916
- Liponeura limomi Zwick , 1980
- Liponeura malickyi Zwick , 1974
- Liponeura matris Zwick , 1982
- Liponeura nevadensis Zwick , 1978
- Liponeura paradecipiens Zwick , 1980
- Liponeura vimmeri Mannheims , 1954
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Blephariceridae. Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007 , accessed on June 9, 2008 .
literature
- W. Arens: The spiracular gills of native and exotic Blepharicerid pupae (Diptera, Nematocera) - a model case of the evolution of cuticular organs. Verh Westd Entom Tag, Düsseldorf 1992
- Klaus Honomichl, Heiko Bellmann : Biology and ecology of insects ; CD-Rom, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1994
- W. Wichard, W. Arens, G. Eisenbeis: Atlas for the biology of water insects. Stuttgart 1994
- Michael Chinery: Parey's Book of Insects ; Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-440-09969-5
