Bono Ighinu culture

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Cultural sequence

The Bono Ighinu culture (also Bonu Ighinu culture , 4700-4000 BC) is after its first place of discovery, near the country church of Santa Maria di Bonu Ighinu (Bonu Ighinu means 'good neighbor' in Sardinian ) at Mara in named in the province of Sassari in Sardinia .

The cultures of Su Caroppu, Grotta Verde and Filiestru preceded it. The newly discovered culture of San Ciriaco and the Ozieri culture followed suit. Finds from the nearby Sa 'Ucca de su Tintirriolu (bat hole) and Grotta Filiestru caves confirm this sequence. At the same time, it becomes clear that Bonu Ighinu and Ozieri are two stages of the same culture.

Mother goddess

In the cultural layers of Bonu Ighinu, obese, female idols appear for the first time , which are mostly interpreted as depicting the "Dea Madre", the great mother. All essential cultural elements have their counterparts in the contemporary cultures of the mainland, from Sicily to southern France. Contacts by the spread of the Monte Arci originating obsidian confirmed.

Ceramics

The quality of Sardinian ceramics is outstanding, and it flourished for the first time in the Bono Ighinu culture. There are pots and deep Kumpfe with knickartigem transition from the soft abdominal curve on the convex neck zone. Patterns have been scratched or engraved into the dark, shiny surface to underline the shape of the vessel. Narrow vertical, teriomorphic (animal-shaped) eyelet handles, often decorated with plastic accessories, are characteristic.

Oven diggers

Excavations on the Sinis Peninsula have uncovered a cult and burial site on the Cuccuru S'Arriu hill , the occupancy and use of which goes back to the Bonu Ighinu culture. Individual burials in mastaba-like hollowed shafts with lateral bubble-shaped grave caves were carved vertically into the sandstone. The tradition of the later, horizontal Domus de Janas thus goes back to the 4th millennium.

The grave chambers, located two meters below ground level, were covered with stone slabs or closed. The dead man in a crouched position on the left and his grave were dusted with red ocher . An idol figure, four clay pots, a bundle of 50 bone spears, four separate bone skewers, several scattered stone beads, some obsidian chips and core stones of obsidian among the grave goods.

literature

  • Vincenzo Santoni: Neolitico medio di Cuccuru S'Arriu di Cabras (Or) - Nota preliminare , in: Atti del Convegno "La ceramica racconta la storia: la ceramica artistica, d'uso e da costruzione nell'Oristanese dal neolitico ai nostri giorni" , Editrice S'Alvure, Oristano 1995.