Ozieri culture

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Cultural sequence
Ozieri ceramics
Grotta di San Michele
"Dea madre" - the mother goddess of the Ozieri people

The Ozieri culture ( initially called the San Michele culture after finds in the Grotta di San Michele ) is the last of the great cultures of the Neolithic (approx. 4000–3200 BC) in Sardinia . It initially bore the name of its first place of discovery, the Grotta di San Michele near Ozieri in the province of Sassari . Their chronological classification is proven by radiocarbon dates from natural caves (Grotta Gonagosula and Grotta Filiestru). The cultures of Su Caroppu, Filiestru, Bono Ighinu culture and the recently discovered culture of San Ciriaco preceded it. At the same time, it becomes clear that the cultures of Bonu Ighinu and Ozieri are two stages of the same culture. They were followed by the cultures of Abealzu-Filigosa .

The island's population had been arable farmers for more than 2,500 years . They lived in unfortified villages, the number and size of which (especially in Campidano ) increased during the Ozieri culture. In connection with the culture are the plastic representations of a mother goddess and the murals of a bull deity , in the so-called Domus de Janas (artificial cave tombs), which were created by the thousands, often in regular necropolises , as well as the erection of menhirs (ital. Perda fitta ) .

Finds

The ceramics of the Ozieri culture evolved into more and more imaginative forms. The model for the pyxids and tripods was originally sought in the Aegean Sea , but echoes of the Chassey culture can also be seen in southern France . The assumed relationships with Crete and the Cycladic Archipelago are better explained by a development from a cultural-religious substrate that spread out from the Levant across the Mediterranean region. Characteristic of the ceramics are the tunnel handles guided under the surface, as they are z. B. found in incised pyxides. The decoration by diabolo-shaped depictions of people is another characteristic. Terracotta - (Sa 'Ucca' e su Tintirriolu cave) and limestone idols (Sa Turriga and Porto Ferro) were found in tombs or at cult sites. Some figures show red paint residues. They resemble Cretan and Cycladic idols . The Sardinian idol figures avoid any symbolism in the area of ​​the shame triangle.

The results of the Bonu Ighinu project showed the continuity in the development towards the Ozieri culture and on the one hand refuted external influences that are supposed to have occurred after the first colonization of the island by members of the cardial or imprint culture . It turned out that the cultures of Bonu Ighinu and Ozieri, possibly connected via San Ciriaco, represent phases of one and the same culture. On the other hand, contacts that took place in the context of the spread of the obsidian from Monte Arci indicate an exchange of ideas with the mainland . The dispute between the archaeologists of the diffusionist and evolutionist camps is therefore particularly violent in Sardinia.

The culture of San Ciriaco (3400-3200 BC) differs in the production of excellent vases found in Cuccuru s'Arriu (near Cabras ) and at Torre Foghe (near Tresnuraghes ).

Find places

The Ozieri culture is associated with very differently designed places:

literature

  • Lucrezia Campus: La cultura di Ozieri - La Sardegna e il Mediterraneo nel IV e III millennio a. C. 1997.
  • Mark Patton: Islands in Time. Island Sociogeography and Mediterranean Prehistory. London 1996, ISBN 978-0-415-12659-5 , pp. 97f.
  • Rainer Pauli: Sardinia. 7th edition, Ostfildern 1990, p. 48.
  • Vincenzo Santoni: Neolitico medio di Cuccuru S'Arriu di Cabras (Or). 1995.

Web links