Monte d'Accoddi

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The hill with the rounded stone west of the ramp
The menhir east of the ramp
The altar
Classification of Monte d'Accoddi in the Sardinian cultural sequence

Monte d'Accoddi is an important archaeological site about 10.0 km north of the provincial capital Sassari in the province of Sassari in Sardinia . The first traces of settlement from the area are over 6200 years old, the main structure was probably built before 3000 BC. Started.

Surname

The origin of the name Monte d'Accoddi is not clear, but it could be traced back to the Sardinian expression Monte de Code (mountain of stone), which describes the structure of the megalithic complex. The terrace of Monte d'Accoddi was used by Italian troops as a base for anti-aircraft guns during the Second World War and was identified as a structure.

description

The monument was excavated by E. Contu in the 1950s. It is a two-phase pyramid - shaped structure, 36 × 29 m, built from large, barely worked stones, filled with other material with a 9 m wide and 41.8 m long ramp that leads to the upper platform.

Such a structure is unique to the Mediterranean, but it resembles Mesopotamian temples, especially the tiered ziggurats of the 3rd millennium BC. Further excavations were carried out between 1979 and 1989. Test excavations revealed that the complex was built in at least two construction phases and has been abandoned and used again several times.

A nearby village consisted of round huts. It dates to around 4500 BC. Chr. In a sacred area, beneath the erected later pyramid, the 4.7 m long residue has a Menhirs from limestone found and a plate of 3.15 × 3.07 m, resting on supports, which are about 70 cm high . Because of its perforation, it is regarded as an altar for libation and sacrifice. Another trachyte board (1.96 × 1.90 m) was found to the right of the ramp.

This first sanctuary, attributed to the late Neolithic Ozieri culture , was partially covered by the first ramp. The ramp of the first pyramid ended on a wide platform on which a rectangular building of 5 × 15 m stood, which represented the central cult site. Of the plastered, red-painted structure, only the boundary has been preserved, an approximately 70 cm high wall. The access was flanked by two post holes. The excavation revealed that the first pyramid and its temple were destroyed by fire. After everything was covered by layers of earth and stone, the pyramid and ramp were rebuilt larger than before and a new cult site was built several meters above the old one.

There are five C14 dates from Monte d'Accoddi. Two come from the floor of the first temple (3020 and 2970 BC) and two, only slightly more recent, from the floor around the monument. The fifth sample is from a layer that accumulated around the monument during the second phase (2590 BC).

The second pyramid remained in use during the Chalcolithic Era, as documented by relics found in huts near the base of the pyramid. The artifacts belong to the cultures of Abealzu-Filigosa , the Monte Claro Culture and the Bell Beaker Culture . During the Bonnanaro culture , in the early Bronze Age , (late 3rd and early 2nd millennium), the pyramid was no longer in use. From that time only a child's burial was found in one corner of the top of the pyramid.

Half of the profile of the second pyramid has been reconstructed and the other half is left in its original state.

See also

literature

  • Ercole Contu: Monte d'Áccoddi (Sassari). Problems with the studio and the ricerca di un singular monumento preistorico . In: William H. Waldren (Ed.): The Deya Conference of Prehistory. Early settlement in the western Mediterranean Islands and their peripheral areas . BAR International Series 229, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford 1984, pp. 591-608. ISBN 0-86054-298-X
  • Santo Tinè: Nuovi scavi nel santuario di Monte d'Accoddi (Sassari) . In: Annali del dipartimento di studi del mondo classico e del Mediterraneo antico, sezione di Archeologia e storia antica 9, 1987, ISSN  1128-7209 , pp. 9-22.
  • Santo Tinè, S. Bafico, T. Mannoni: Monte d'Accoddi e la Cultura di Ozieri . In: Lucrezia Dettori Campus (ed.): La Cultura di Ozieri. Problematic e nuove acquisizioni . Atti del I convegno di studio Ozieri, gennaoi 1986 - April 1987. Editione Il Torchietto, Ozieri 1989, pp. 19-36.
  • Vincenzo Tinè et al. (Ed.): Monte d'Accoddi. 10 anni di nuovi scavi . Istituto italiano archeologia sperimentale, Soprintendenza archeologica di Sassari e Nuoro, Genoa 1992.

Web links

Commons : Monte d'Accoddi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ A. Moravetti & C. Tozzi: Guide Archeologiche - Preistoria e Protostoria in Italia 2 Sardegna, p. 11: Una series di saggi intesi a conoscere meglio la funzione del complesso ha infatti messo in evedenza almeno due fasi di costruzione ed uso del monumento e diversi momenti di vita nell'area

Coordinates: 40 ° 47 ′ 26.6 "  N , 8 ° 26 ′ 58.1"  E