Domus de Janas
Domus de Janas ( German houses of the fairies ), also known as Necropoli ipogeica , is the name of a genus of rock tombs in Sardinia that belong to the Ozieri culture . The Domus de Janas in some areas of the island are also known as Forrus, Forreddus, Concheddas or Gruttas. There are well over 1,000 of them on the island, grouped together in groups of five to 40. The main distribution area is the west of the province of Sassari , whose east (the Gallura ) is almost completely empty, while the other three provinces have significantly fewer systems.
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layout
The oldest form are small, cube-shaped chambers about one cubic meter in size with slightly bulged walls and corners that are rounded on all sides, which lie in vertical rock areas. They were closed with a plate, which was often in a regular frame. They are undecorated and not very spectacular. Later real rock dwellings were built or created through expansion. The grounds, some of which are richly decorated with “bull horns” , were used until the beginning of the nuragic culture . Some are carved into the flanks of hills with long dromoi ( Filigosa in Macomer ). A presumably original and undisturbed system near Iglesias Province Carbonia-Iglesias contained 35 skulls, which lay separately on the other bones.
Domus de Janas with an architectural facade ( Italian Domus a prospetto architettonico - also known as giant tombs dug into the rock) are a typology of graves consisting of around 90 plants that is concentrated in northwestern Sardinia and in the Goceano region. They are either newly built or rebuilt from older Domus de Janas, with a central stele dug into the rock, as is typical for giant tombs, added. At the top of the stele there are generally three holes in which small baityloi have been inserted. The best known include Campu Luntanu , Molafa , Mesu 'e Montes , Sa Figu S'Iscia' e Sas Piras and Sos Furrighesos .
Another variant of the Domus de Janas are vertical mastaba-like shafts with egg-shaped chambers, as they occur on the Sinis Peninsula near Cuccuru S'Arriu and are known as oven graves.
See also
literature
- Alberto Moravetti, Carlo Tozzi (eds.): Sardegna . ABACO Ed., Forli 1995, ISBN 88-86712-01-4 (Unione Internazionale delle Scienze Preistoriche e Protostoriche: Guide archeologiche Preistoria e Protostoria in Italia 2).
- V. Santoni: Nota preliminare sulla tipologia delle grotticelle artificiali funerarie della Sardegna , in: Archivio Storico Sardo, XXX, 1976, p. 28.
