French bulldog
| French bulldog | ||
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| FCI Standard No. 101 | ||
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| Origin : | ||
| Alternative names: |
Bouledogue français |
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| Withers height: |
In relation to weight |
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| Weight: |
8 to 14 kg |
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| List of domestic dogs | ||
The French Bulldog is a French breed of dog recognized by the FCI ( FCI Group 9, Section 11, Standard No. 101)
Origin and history
The French bulldog is derived from the old-type English bulldog that was used for bullbaiting and dog fights , among other things . After dog fighting was banned, the breeding goal also changed. Instead of rowdy dogs, smaller, more peaceful dogs were now in demand. During breeding, the Toy Bulldog was born , which also found supporters abroad, especially in Belgium and France. In France, hunters also used this type as a hunting dog by crossing it with terriers . These were also used as pack dogs , weighed about 20 pounds and were mostly brindle .
In East London and Nottingham , weavers and lace makers took on the breeding of the little bulldogs, which were first presented at a dog show in 1836 . When large lace factories were established in Normandy shortly before the turn of the century , English lace makers , mainly from Nottingham, emigrated to France and settled in the Calais area. They brought the little bulldogs with them, which weighed around ten kilograms, and continued their unregulated breeding in their new home - partly out of hobby, partly to increase their income. Which races contributed to today's appearance can hardly be traced. Emil Hauck as well as Else Trenkle mentions crossbreeding of terriers and pugs . The short twisted tail as well as the protruding eyes probably come from the pug. It is certain that erect ears were first bred as a breed characteristic in France.
The dog breed came back to England around 1900, but first met the mockery of the population there because of the upright ears. These dogs were judged at shows like the English Bulldog in the absence of a separate standard .
The first association for the breeding of this dog called “Terrier-Boules” was founded in 1880, the first stud book was opened in 1885 and the first standard was established in 1888. The shape of the ears was not yet completely uniform. The male "Loupi" is considered to be the progenitor of today's type. He was about 15 years old and appears in almost all family trees. For a long time the breed was an underclass breed. That only changed when the English King Edward VII bought a white dog with "bat ears", a kinked tail and slightly crooked forelegs.
In 1888 the French bulldog also found its way to the USA and quickly became popular there. The first club was founded in New York in 1896 . Dogs with bat ears in particular were traded very highly in the early days; after the turn of the century, such specimens cost up to $ 5,000 . Soon afterwards, however, the boom leveled off again.
A first standard was created in 1898. It was changed in 1931/32 and 1948. In 1954 the breed was recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). In 1986 Raymond Triquet and HF Reant and in 1994 Violette Guillon made further revisions of the standard. The current version was published by the FCI in 2014 (German translation 2017). It results from a revision of the standard by the Comité du Club du Bouledogue Français in 2012.
description
The French bulldog is muscular, agile, and wiry. Bat ears, a short tail, a short muzzle and a wide, angular head characterize the dog, which weighs up to 14 kg and is more sensitive to extreme temperatures due to its short fur.
The massive head has a flat skull between the ears, a domed forehead and a well-defined stop . The frontal furrow extends to eye level. The scalp is loose, soft and has symmetrical folds. The muzzle is short and well laid back with a very short bridge of the nose, strongly developed cheek muscles and black, thick lips, where the upper lip probably covers the lower lip on the side, but must not extend beyond the lower jaw. The teeth and tongue are never visible. The lower jaw is very broad and strong and protrudes beyond the upper jaw, so that the dog is a biteer ( brachycephaly ). The wide open nostrils are marked and separated. Note the large distance between the eyes and the base of the ears, which are at the same height as the bridge of the nose. The bat ears are elongated, broad at the bottom, rounded at the tip. The auricle is completely visible from the front.
The short, strong neck has loose skin - but no dewlap - and is well arched into the short, pear-shaped trunk with a carp back. The back is short, broad at the shoulders, sloping slightly behind it, drawn up again towards the loin and tapering. The strong, muscular legs are characterized by the fact that the hindquarters are slightly longer than the forelegs.
The tail is set low, thick at the base with rapid tapering, short and straight. Kinked or corkscrew rods that accumulate in the family or that occur sporadically are permitted, but not desired.
The hair is fine, short and shiny. According to the FCI standard, the hair colors fawn ( fawn ), brindle (a mixture of black, blond, medium to dark brown and not too dark reddish hair) and piebald are recognized. White dogs are assigned the color "brindle fawn with predominant white spotting". Small, white markings are allowed on brindle specimens.
Not recognized (excluding false colors) are black with red branding ("black and tan"), mouse gray ("blue") and brown.
The French Bulldog is one of the brachycephalic breeds and is - to varying degrees - affected by associated health problems - see the topic of torture breeding .
literature
- Else Trenkle, The French Bulldog , Pasing 1937
Web links
- Breed Standard No. 101 of the FCI: French Bulldog (PDF)
- IKFB (International Club for French Bulldogs eV) VDH / FCI
- Swiss Association for French Bulldogs
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Räber : Encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs . tape 1 . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-06555-3 , The toy bulldog of lace makers, p. 711 (first edition: 1993, reprint).
- ↑ Hans Räber : Encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs . tape 1 . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-06555-3 , The Toy Bulldog of lace makers: The Pid Dog, p. 712 (first edition: 1993, reprint).
- ↑ Hans Räber : Encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs . tape 1 . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-06555-3 , The lace-maker toy bulldog: The bulldog in France, p. 712 ff . (First edition: 1993, reprint).
- ↑ Hans Räber : Encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs . tape 1 . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-06555-3 , The toy bulldog of lace makers: the beginning of pure breeding, p. 714 ff . (First edition: 1993, reprint).
- ↑ Hans Räber : Encyclopedia of the pedigree dogs . tape 1 . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-06555-3 , The Toy Bulldog of lace makers: Spread, p. 716 (first edition: 1993, reprint).
- ↑ FCI: Bouledogue Français (101)
- ↑ Breed standard No. 101 of the FCI: French Bulldog (PDF)