English bulldog
| English bulldog | ||
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| FCI Standard No. 149 | ||
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| Origin : | ||
| Alternative names: |
English Bulldog |
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| Weight: |
Male: 25 kg, |
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| List of domestic dogs | ||
The English Bulldog (English Bulldog) is one of the FCI recognized British dog breed ( Group 2, Section 2.1, standard no. 149 ).
Origin and history
According to one theory, its origin is around the 6th century BC. When Phoenicians trading with Britain crossed their Molossians, brought from the Levant , with British mastiff-like dogs.
The dog was first mentioned in the 13th century under the name Bonddog (from English bond "fesseln") or Bolddog (from bold "kühn"). The current name appears around the 17th century. The English bulldog was used as a bullbiter , a type of fighting dog : its profession was fighting bulls ( bullbaiting ). When breeding, emphasis was placed on "courage" and aggressiveness in the character of the dog, and externally on a short snout, broad jaws and a withdrawn nose. The purpose of the rear nose was that the dog could bite into the bull's nose and still get good air.
“According to numerous reports, there were also dogs among these first Bulldogs who attacked the bull again, even with broken legs or bellies torn from their horns. Only the dog that was "game" (determined, fearless) enough to fight to the death was considered a real bulldog. If one of the dogs bite into another place, it was considered unclean, not belonging to the breed, and excluded from further fighting, which amounted to a death sentence. After the fight, the harried bull could be slaughtered by the butcher. The dog breeders took advantage of this opportunity and let their puppies bite into the bloody bull's skull to prepare them for their later fights. "
In later times he was also hounded on other large animals. Also, dog fights became more and more fashionable, in the 19th century they were completely banned in Great Britain (1835). With the ban, the bulldog breed also almost disappeared.
In 1864 "The Bulldog Club" was founded - the first purebred dog club worldwide. He disappeared again very quickly, but for the first time established a breed standard . In 1875 the "Bulldog Club Incorporated" was founded, which took over the breeding direction from then on. From now on, tolerance was emphasized. A fighting dog was no longer in demand, but the peaceful family dog.
“The basic trait of the Bulldog character is good-naturedness, a certain phlegm, but only as long as nothing happens or meets them that triggers their dormant passions. There is an apparent contradiction in this, but one cannot describe it otherwise than that phlegm and passion suddenly rest next to one another. There is tremendous persistence in the outbreak of their passion, as well as in that of their will. One has often taken this sudden anger, I would like to describe this more as an extremely violent exercise of the will, which is accompanied by an incessant clinging to a decision once made. "
In January 2009 the British Kennel Club announced a major revision of its standards. In the future, the focus will be on the health and wellbeing of dogs. For this reason, exaggerated features such as a nose that is too short, heads that are too big, particularly wrinkled faces, runs that are too short should be avoided and a lasting improvement in breathing should be ensured. Measures should also be taken that should lead to a decrease in the rate of caesarean sections, fertility problems and puppy mortality. The interim standard presented as a draft for discussion met with massive resistance from breeders. a. was called in a petition. In their opinion, the Bulldog is healthy and does not need any changed standards. The Kennel Club nevertheless adopted this new standard, which is now binding, in October 2009. The FCI adopted this standard on October 13, 2010. The ACEB, which kept the stud book in Germany, was excluded from the VDH in 2011. The VDH assumes the breeding and breeding book sovereignty for the English Bulldog itself.
description
The English Bulldog is a heavy dog for its size at 25 kg. The hair is of fine structure, short, dense and straight. It can also be brindle, red in all shades, fawn, fawn and so on, as well as white and piebald, only black is undesirable.
The head, which should be moderately large and massive in relation to the body, has a short snout. The very broad chest and the rather narrow rear are also striking. The ears are set high, set wide apart, high above the eyes, small and thin - so-called "rose ears". The tail is set low, sticks out fairly straight at the root and then curves down. Neither a missing nor an ingrown tail ( corkscrew tail ) is desirable in an English bulldog.
Essence
The FCI breed standard describes the ideal English Bulldog as "attentive, bold, loyal, reliable, brave, grim in appearance, but amiable in nature." The Austrian Bulldog Club writes that the dog is not difficult to train when you consider that he does not believe in absolute obedience.
health
The English bulldog belongs to the brachycephalic breeds and is affected by health problems associated with it - to a varying degree. Over-typing and extreme breeding lead in some cases to torture breeding . In many cases, natural birth is no longer possible with animals bred in this way and their puppies have to be born by caesarean section . Various breeders preferred the creation of new breeds such as the Olde English Bulldog or the new Swiss breed Continental Bulldog , although it will only become clear with time what impact this has on the health of the newly bred animals. As already mentioned, the British Kennel Club set a new standard in 2009 that pays more attention to the health of dogs.
Web links
- Breed Standard No. 149 of the FCI: English Bulldog (PDF)
- New breed standard November 2010 of the British The Kennel Club
- Austrian Bulldog Club
- Swiss club for English Bulldogs
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dieter Fleig : Kampfhunde I and II. Helga Fleig, Mürlenbach 1981a and 1983, ISBN 3-924008-02-7 and ISBN 3-924008-03-5 .
- ↑ Heinz Müller: The Bull Terrier. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-490-42212-0 .
- ↑ Imelda Angehrn: English Bulldog. 1st edition, Kynos-Verlag , Mürlenbach 1993, ISBN 3-924008-90-6 .
- ↑ Dieter Fleig: Fighting dogs ... as they really are! Kynos-Verlag, Mürlenbach 1999, ISBN 3-933228-04-2 .
- ↑ Dieter Fleig: Kampfhunde, Part I. Helga Fleig, Mürlenbach 1981, ISBN 3-924008-02-7 .
- ↑ Todd Fenstermacher: American Pit Bull Terrier - Today. Kynos-Verlag, Mürlenbach 1997a, ISBN 3-929545-64-0 .
- ↑ Andrea Steinfeldt: "Kampfhunde" history, use, problems with keeping "bull races" - a literature study -. (PDF file; 6.2 MB) Dissertation, Hannover 2002, p. 49.
- ↑ Richard Strebel : The German dogs. 2 vol., E. Ertel, Munich 1903.
- ↑ Andrea Steinfeldt: "Kampfhunde" history, use, problems with keeping "bull races" - a literature study -. (PDF file; 6.2 MB) Dissertation, Hannover 2002, p. 52.
- ↑ KC Standard 2009
- ↑ VDH Board: On the situation of the English Bulldog and the General Club for English Bulldogs (ACEB) eV from August 10, 2011 ( memento of the original from October 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with the reasons for the request to exclude the ACEB
- ↑ Christoph Jung: Knalleffekt in dog breeding - Bulldog breed club excluded from the German breed association. In: WUFF the dog magazine. 2/2012, p. 24 ff.
- ↑ Breed standard No. 149 of the FCI: English Bulldog (PDF)
- ↑ Standard & characteristics of the Austrian Bulldog Club
