Breite Strasse (Düsseldorf)

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wide street
coat of arms
Street in Düsseldorf
wide street
View in north direction onto Breite Strasse with building No. 10 in the center
Basic data
place Dusseldorf
District City center
Created after 1805
Connecting roads North-south connection between Heinrich-Heine-Allee and Graf-Adolf-Platz
Cross streets from north to south: Grabenstrasse with Trinkhaussrasse, Benrather Strasse, Bastionstrasse, Siegfried-Klein-Strasse and Carl-Theodor-Strasse
Buildings Stahlhof, Görres-Gymnasium, Administrative Court, Commerzbank
use
User groups Car traffic, cyclists and passers-by
Technical specifications
Street length ~ 400 m

The Breite Straße (called “ Ludendorff Straße ” in the early 1920s and “ Ludwig-Knickmann-Straße ” during the Nazi era ) is one of the busy north-south axes in downtown Düsseldorf . The northern area of ​​the approx. 400 meter long road was laid out after 1805 in the area of ​​the eastern fortifications after they had been removed. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Breite Straße ended at Benrather Straße. Its name can be traced back to the fact that it is significantly wider than was usual for such streets at the time. With regard to the historical as well as the current numbering of the buildings, the cross streets were or are often used as a postal assignment in the corner buildings. In addition, the main entrance to some corner buildings is on Querstraße.

location

The Breite Straße runs in a north-south direction near Düsseldorf's Carlstadt . It is located east of the parallel Kasernenstrasse , which forms the border with the Stadtmitte district. It begins in the north as a continuation of Heinrich-Heine-Allee and ends in the south at Graf-Adolf-Platz . In address books of the first half of the 19th century, Carlstadt was specified as the district for Breite Straße, as the former barracks area was at least partly in the "extension with the construction of barracks from 1702", which at the end of the 18th century became Carlstadt was expanded.

history

Until 1904

As already mentioned, the road lies in the area of ​​the former eastern fortifications that enclosed the old core city. Only the northern area of ​​the street could then be laid out as a continuation of the new Alleestraße in 1809. For this, part of the "Carlstädter Swamp", which had formed after the walls and the associated protective waters had been removed, had to be drained. The street ended in the 19th century at the level of Benrather Straße because south of this cross street was the large parade ground of the barracks area, which was arranged between the city ​​moat and the buildings with the garrison church on Kasernenstraße. The development of the area on the new Breite Strasse began around 1810. As can be seen from the address books of the 19th century, only residential buildings with the house numbers 1 to 18 were built by civil servants, judges, professors and merchants.

In the second half of the 19th century, the city center of Düsseldorf was modernized in terms of drinking water supply, sewage drainage, connection to an electrical supply network via underground cables and connection to a tram network. This also affected the area in the area of ​​Breite Straße on the following dates:

  • 1870/71 connection to a new drinking water network
  • 1884/85 connection to a sewage network
  • 1893/94 Installation of clay pipes for the sewer pipes
  • 1895/96 paving of the street
  • 1896/97 Approval for the laying of rails for the Düsseldorf / Krefeld small railway and the laying of underground cables for an electrical network.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the already laid out section of Breite Straße was only on the edge of the densely built-up urban area, but this changed after around 1850, when the district of Stadtmitte was increasingly developed and populated. The peripheral location has now become a central city location. Therefore, towards the end of the century, the use began to be restructured. There was evidence of an insurance company as early as 1863, the “Düsseldorfer Allgemeine Versicherungsgesellschaft” on Breite Strasse No. 5. Around 1890 there were also buildings with shops (for furniture and textiles, the latter in house no.2, as well as a bicycle shop in house no.11) and bars and cafes ("Zur Stadt Würzburg" and "Restaurant Fastrich", the latter in house no. 15 and pastry shop / Café-Bierhoff in houses No. 4–6). A little later, a bank, the “Düsseldorfer Volksbank” in building no. 7 and the insurance company, the “Düsseldorfer Allgemeine Versicherungsgesellschaft”, had its branches in building no. The building on property no. 8 was already a new building, which had been built in 1888/9, as the Düsseldorfer Allgemeine Versicherungsgesellschaft had had its permanent branch in this building since the beginning of the 1890s and could still be verified here in 1939. However, a direct connection to the roads in the southern part of the city through the barracks area was still blocked at this time.

From 1899 the city administration negotiated with the military administration in order to improve the road connections of the city in the area and at the borders of the entire area of ​​the barracks. In the contract between the military treasury and the city administration dated May 17, 1900, it was agreed that the necessary areas for the construction of the new roads in the area of ​​the barracks area with the parade ground would be given to the city free of charge. The agreed services also included the construction of all new streets and the construction of a pedestrian bridge over the city moat at the level of the extended Bastion Street. The costs for this were taken over by the military treasury and the city only provided lighting and plants. The latter also concerned the design and planting of a free area between Haroldstrasse and the later Carl-Theodor-Strasse, which was east of the extended Breite Strasse. This area, which later became Graf-Adolf-Platz , was to be adapted in its design to “Corneliusplatz”.

The plans for the construction of the new roads through the area of ​​the barracks were drawn up. In early 1902, the land required for the roads was handed over to the city. The new streets:

  • Extension of Breite Straße to Haroldstraße,
  • Extension of Bastionstrasse from Kanalstrasse to Kasernenstrasse,
  • Extension of Kanalstrasse from Benrather Strasse to the level of Bahnstrasse and the
  • Cross connection from Kanalstrasse to Kasernenstrasse at the level of Bahnstrasse (currently Carl-Theodor-Strasse)

were laid out and paved with the necessary facilities for the drainage of the streets and the site by early 1903.

After the city bought the barracks from the military treasury in 1904, the military relocated their properties from this inner city to more northern parts of the city. The buildings on the barracks grounds including the garrison church of St. Anna were demolished.

Building Breite Strasse 8
Hohenzollern-Gymnasium, view of Bastions- Breitestrasse (1907)
"Rheinhof" Düsseldorf (1907)

From 1904

The entire vacated former barracks area between Stadtgraben and Kasernenstrasse was available for development after the end of 1904. The city used the site for the construction of municipal and state institutions as well as for the settlement of administrative and branch offices of companies. A new central business and banking area was created, in which two high schools were built.

The following companies and institutions were located in the buildings erected in this area after the end of 1904: Barmer Bankverein, Bergisch Märkische Bank (merged with Deutsche Bank from 1914 ), Kaiserliche Oberpostdirektion , Königliches Hohenzollern-Gymnasium, Luisen-Schule , Rheinhof with Düsseldorf Stock Exchange , Schaffhausen'schen Bankverein, Schauspielhaus and Stahlwerkverband. From the above-mentioned companies and institutions and other banks with associated data were located in this new area of ​​Breite Straße:

  • Stahlhof : In a contract dated July 6, 1904, the city gave the steelworks association, founded in 1904, free space between Breite Strasse and Kasernenstrasse at Bastionstrasse 39 for the construction of their administration building. This building was constructed between 1906 and 1908.
  • Königliches Hohenzollern – Gymnasium : The old grammar school on Alleestraße (currently Heinrich-Heine-Allee ) had become out of date at the end of the 19th century and hindered the widening of the narrow “Bazarstraße”, which was then the extension of Flinger Straße , as a connecting road between the old town and the city center district. The city therefore decided to build a new school building on Bastionstrasse between Breite Strasse and Canalstrasse. Construction began on July 6, 1904. The shell was completed by November 16, followed by the interior work. The ceremonial move to the new school building was on June 30, 1906.
  • Rheinhof with Düsseldorf Stock Exchange : This building was located at 20 Breite Strasse and the corner of Benrather Strasse and was built until 1906. The name of the building referred to the "Rheinhof-Sparfeuerversicherungsgesellschaft", which had its branch in this building and which went bankrupt in November 1909. In the building there were shops, offices and a restaurant with an attached large hall, in which the Düsseldorf stock exchange had its trading platform. There were entrances from Breite Strasse as well as from Benrather Strasse.
  • Barmer Bankverein : From 1911 to 1912, this bank set up a new branch at Breite Straße No. 25 and in 1924 relocated its headquarters from Wuppertal to Düsseldorf. The merger with Commerzbank followed in 1932 .
  • Schaffhausen'schen Bankverein : In 1907 a new bank building for this bank was under construction at 29 Breite Strasse at the corner of Bastionstrasse. The 1909 bank can be verified at this address.

Furthermore, in 1907 the "Rheinisch Westfälische Disconto Gesellschaft" had its branch office on Breite Straße No. 7. From 1907 this bank built a new administration building on the grounds of the demolished houses No. 10-12 and thus remained in the area of ​​the older part of the Wide street. In 1909, in addition to this bank company, the "Düsseldorfer Bank", whose name was "Düsseldorfer Volksbank" until 1907, can be found in the same building.

The data for 1923/4 provide an overview of the various banking houses that had their branches in the area of ​​Breite Strasse in the 1920s. At this point in time these were: the Essener Creditanstalt in No. 7/9/11, Trottmann & Co. in Building No. 15, the Barmer Bankverein in No. 25, the Schaffhausen'schen Bankverein in No. 29 and the Rheinische Dicontobank in No. 71. It followed in 1924 as the successor company for the Rheinisch Westfälische Disconto Gesellschaft, Dresdner Bank Düsseldorf in building No. 10/12, in which the Düsseldorfer Bank also had its branch.

Oberpostdirektion zu Düsseldorf, Carl-Theodor-Straße (1908)

The southern area of ​​the Breite Strasse was an important location for Deutsche Post . In the eastern corner building of Breite Strasse / Carl-Theodor-Strasse was the new Oberpostdirektion, which was completed as a new building for the Imperial Post around 1907. To the west of what was then Graf-Adolf-Platz was the Düsseldorfer Hauptpost on Haroldstrasse. In April 1922 a new annex was added to the building on Carl-Theodor-Strasse, the facade of which in the current new building, Carl-Theodor-Strasse No. 1, survived the demolition after 2000. On October 25, 1925, the operation of the telegraph office was relocated from Königsallee 54 to a part of the building that was parallel to Breite Straße in the eastern area of ​​the current two new buildings. In terms of mail, this was and is the Graf-Adolf-Platz No. 15 building. In 1942/43, operations in this building were interrupted by bomb hits and the emergency service was relocated to a tunnel in the Grafenberg Forest. After restoration after the end of the war, the telegraph office was renamed Fernmeldeamt 1 on April 1, 1951 .

View from the intersection of Bastionstrasse and Breite Strasse to the Stahlhof

Appearance from 2000

The Breite Straße remains unchanged as it has been an important inner-city north-south thoroughfare since the beginning of the 20th century, designed as a one-way street with the direction of travel from south to north. The street has pedestrian areas on both sides, three car lanes and one bicycle lane. A fourth tram lane, which existed until 2016, was no longer required due to the expansion of the underground tunnel system in downtown Düsseldorf and became a car lane. The former eastern outer car lane has been converted into a bicycle lane.

Of the various buildings erected after 1904, Stahlhof, Görres-Gymnasium, Commerzbank in building Breite Straße No. 25 and house No. 10 are still in their original form. The facades of the buildings at Breite Straße No. 1 and 27 as well as Carl-Theodor-Straße No. 1 are still similar to the historical version and were adapted to the old version during the reconstruction after the considerable damage in the Second World War .

Although the street belongs to the so-called banking district, only Commerzbank, by post on Breite Straße 25, the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ in the building Breite Straße 34 (old No. 28 and No. 32 on Bastionstraße) and the HSBC bank , on the Breite Strasse No. 29 (old No. 31), their branches. The entire building complex between Benrather Strasse and Trinkhausstrasse on the eastern side of Breite Strasse with the corner buildings, by post at Breite Strasse No. 10, 24 and 30 and Trinkhausstrasse 1, is marked with the Commerzbank logo, as this area was merged in May Took over from the then owner Dresdner Bank in 2009 . The facade of building no. 10 corresponds to the historical old version for building 10/12 (old numbering).

The buildings described below have been significantly changed compared to the pre-war version:

  • Deutsche Post building, Graf-Adolf-Platz area between Breitestrasse and Kasernenstrasse: The post-war buildings were demolished in the summer of 2000, although the historic facades of one of the buildings on Carl-Theodor-Strasse were preserved. All the demolished buildings were replaced by two new buildings, but they no longer have any relation to the former Deutsche Post and its successor companies. The southern building, a striking oval high-rise building with a glass façade, is postal address Graf-Adolf-Platz No. 15. The northern new building has the historical exterior façade that was preserved when an old building was demolished. The northern side of the new building is postally Carl-Theodor-Straße No. 1 and the southern Kasernenstraße No. 44. In both new buildings, restaurants are located in the lower sections.
  • The corner building was diagonally opposite on the eastern Carl-Theodor-Strasse between Breite Strasse and Königsallee. This was the former Imperial Post Office Directorate and its post-war building was demolished after 2000 and replaced by a new building. Telekom currently has a branch in this building. Postal address is Graf-Adolf-Platz No. 14 although the entrance is in the corner of the house on Breite Straße. The next middle building in front of the Görres-Gymnasium is the rear of the new building of the "Hotel InterContinental Düsseldorf" including a driveway to the hotel's underground car park.
  • The eastern area between Bastion and Benrather Strasse has a new corner building in the southern part, in which the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, postal address 34 at Breite Strasse, has its branch. The entire remaining area up to Benrather Strasse, buildings no.20 to 28 and corner building Benrather Strasse no.29 have been replaced by new office and commercial buildings since 2016. The previous buildings have been demolished since the end of spring 2017. The new “Kö-Quartier” is being built here. With the exception of the Stahlhof, the western area consists of new buildings, with the middle part being the “Neuer Stahlhof”, postal code at Breite Strasse No. 67 and 69, which has been optically adapted to the Stahlhof with a modern design. In front of the new corner building, Siegfried-Klein-Strasse No. 6 and 8, there is a small, simple intermediate building with a gate entrance to the inner courtyard.
  • The buildings to the west on Breite Strasse between Bastionstrasse and Benrather Strasse are the buildings with the name Breite Strasse No. 25, 25a and 27 (the latter also known as the Rheinisches Palais) of the Commerzbank in the historical old version. The corner building at Breite Straße No. 29, on the other hand, is a new office building, the second entrance of which is on Benrather Straße No. 31.
  • The corner building in the western area of ​​Breite Straße on Benrather Straße has the postal number Breite Straße 18/20. In the post-war building, the Bank für Gemeinwirtschaft had its branch under number Breite Straße 13. This building was demolished after 2000 and replaced by a new office building.

outlook

By moving the tram lane underground, the Breite Straße will be redesigned as the railway tracks are removed. Furthermore, due to the current renovation and new construction of the buildings between Königsallee No. 45 to 55 and Breite Straße from height No. 20 to 34 on the southern side of Benrather Straße, the appearance of Breite Straße in this area has changed since the beginning of 2017. The new Kö-Quartier of the American investor Hines is being built here.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. In: History of the City of Düsseldorf. The building history of Düsseldorf . 1888, p. [398] 381.
  2. ^ In: Address book of the city of Düsseldorf. Third part .1926, p. [753] 38.
  3. ^ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. 1888, p. [446] 429.
  4. ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorf History Association. Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part II, p. [101] 98.
  5. ^ In: Reports on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf . Period: April 1, 1870 to March 31, 1871 . P. [34] 34, period: April 1, 1884 to March 31, 1885 . P. [34] 34, Period: April 1, 1893 to March 31, 1894 . P. [142] 142, period: April 1, 1895 to March 31, 1896 . P. [138] 138, period: April 1, 1896 to March 31, 1897 . S. [18 + 62] 18 + 62.
  6. ^ In: Address book of the Lord Mayor's Office in Düsseldorf . 1863, p. [178] 174.
  7. ^ In: Guide through Düsseldorf on the Rhine and its surroundings . 1898, pp. [102 + 104] III + V.
  8. ↑ Example for house no. 2 in: Düsseldorf address book . 1892, Schwann, p. [793] 715.
  9. ↑ JR Brüning. In:. Official address book for Rhineland-Westphalia . 1833 to 1838, pp. 5 to 16.
  10. ^ In: Address book for the city of Düsseldorf. Third part . 1891, p. [475] 397 and 1939, p. [1203] 330.
  11. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf . Period: April 1, 1899 to March 31, 1900 . S. [173/4] 171/2.
  12. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf . Period: April 1, 1901 to March 31, 1902 . S. [150] 144.
  13. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf . Period: April 1, 1902 to March 31, 1903 . S. [185] 190.
  14. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf . Period: April 1, 1904 to March 31, 1905 . S. [7] 3.
  15. ↑ a b c In: Weekly supplement to the Düsseldorfer General-Anzeiger . June 23, 1907, No. 25, Giradet, p. [204] 8.
  16. ^ In: Hohenzollern Gymnasium. Annual report for the 1906–1907 school year . S. [5] 5.
  17. ^ In: Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region . 1909, No. 288, p. [2967] 2700.
  18. ↑ Studt. In. Moment orientation plan of the city of Düsseldorf. Sights . 1907, p. [17] 15.
  19. ^ Forester. In: Address book for the city of Düsseldorf and the mayor's offices of Benrath, Erkrath and Kaiserswerth. 4th part branch directory . 1909, p. [1167] 485.
  20. ^ Forester. In: Address book for the city of Düsseldorf and the mayor's offices of Benrath, Erkrath and Kaiserswerth. 4th part branch directory . 1909, p. [1091] 441.
  21. ↑ Studt. In. Moment orientation plan of the city of Düsseldorf . 1907, p. [17] 15.
  22. ^ Forester. In: Address book for the city of Düsseldorf and the mayor's offices of Benrath, Erkrath and Kaiserswerth. 4th part branch directory . 1909, p. [1167] 485.
  23. ^ In: Address book of the city of Düsseldorf and the mayor offices . 1902–1907, Düsseldorfer Verlagsanstalt, p. [67] 41.
  24. ↑ Scherl. In: Düsseldorf address book . 1924/5, p. [140] 102.
  25. ↑ a b Chronicle of Telecommunications Office 1 Düsseldorf
  26. ↑ New Kö-Quartier
  27. ↑ New construction at Breite Strasse No. 29 and 31
  28. ↑ In: RP Online from March 11, 2015 . Koe and Carlsquartier are changing the city

Remarks

  1. ↑ Around 1805 the remains of the "Beuth'schen Bastion" were still in the area of ​​the Wilhelm Marx House. It took about three years to remove these remains of the wall, which delayed the creation and completion of the new Allee- and Breite Straße. Proof: Hugo Weidenhaupt: In: Düsseldorf, history from the origins to the 20th century. Verlag Schwann / Patmos, 1988, Volume 2, p. 326.
  2. ↑ Heinrich Ferber states in his book from 1889 “Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf” that the house at Breite Strasse No. 8 is “currently being rebuilt”. (P. [100] 97).
  3. ↑ Graf-Adolf-Platz, where Breite Straße currently ends, did not have today's dimensions at that time. The square was bordered in the south by Haroldstrasse, which at that time ran further to the east. Proof: Forester. In: address for the municipality of Dusseldorf, . 1910, p. [679] 49.
  4. ↑ More detailed information on the project is given on the following website → Kö-Quartier