Görres-Gymnasium (Düsseldorf)

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Municipal Görres-Gymnasium
The Görres-Gymnasium with its four-storey neo-baroque main facade faces north towards Bastionstrasse. On the left, on the corner, the high school building facing Königsallee. On the corner in front of the grammar school the teasing fountain
type of school high school
School number 164446
founding 1545
address

Koenigsallee 57

place Dusseldorf
country North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
Coordinates 51 ° 13 '15 "  N , 6 ° 46' 40"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '15 "  N , 6 ° 46' 40"  E
carrier City of Düsseldorf
student about 800
Teachers 62
management Axel Kuhn
Website goerres.de

The Görres-Gymnasium is a municipal high school in the center of Düsseldorf . The school with a humanistic profile is one of the oldest in the German-speaking area and has been located in a listed building on Königsallee since 1906 . Since 1947 it has been named "Görres-Gymnasium" after the university professor and Catholic publicist Joseph Görres (1776–1848).

history

In April 1545, Wilhelm V (1516–1592), Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg and supporter of the humanistic - Reformation educational goals, founded a "seminarium rei publicae", the "Ducal State School", at Düsseldorf Stiftsplatz. He wanted to distinguish the residential city of Düsseldorf with a "school of scholars". The Jülich-Berg chancellor Johann Ghogreff (* around 1499; † 1554) had a decisive influence on the founding of this Latin school .

The first rector of the new state school was Johannes Monheim (1509–1564), a student of the humanist Erasmus von Rotterdam (1465–1536). The "Gymnasium Dusselopolitanum" had a demanding performance profile from the start and was therefore also called "gymnasium illustrious". In accordance with the humanistic educational mandate, the classical languages ​​Latin, Greek and Hebrew formed the central subjects. The more than 1000 students - some chroniclers even speak of 2000 - contrasted with the 3000 inhabitants of the city.

At the corner of Königsallee and Bastionstrasse, in front of the Görres-Gymnasium, stands the Teasing Fountain by the sculptor Gregor von Bochmann the Elder. J. , donated in 1909 by the Beautification Association of the city of Düsseldorf. The school staff of the grammar school had moral concerns, however, which were resolved by a loincloth.

Since the school was close to the Reformation ideas, there were differences with the Jesuits , which determined the Faculty of Theology at the University of Cologne and Dusseldorf in the purposes of the Counter-Reformation a recatholicization operated. It was only considerably later that these efforts led to the transfer of the school on November 20, 1621 to the Jesuit order under Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg (1578–1653), who converted to Catholicism in 1614 . The school became a Jesuit college and in 1625 moved into a new school building at the Andreaskirche . The lessons were organized according to the uniform school plans of the Jesuits with up to twelve hours a day of predominantly controlled learning and prayer. An eight-year basic course (“studia inferiora”), similar to today's high school education, was followed by a six-year specialist course (“studia superiora”), consisting of a two-year philosophy and a four-year theology course. The main focus of the lessons was the Latin language; Theatrical performances were also held in Latin. Other subjects were philosophy, mathematics, rhetoric, poetry, grammar, geography, arithmetic and heraldry. The Greek was taught in the basics.

In 1695, Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz (1658–1716), Duke of Jülich-Berg , known as "Jan Wellem", allowed the Franciscans to open a lay school in addition to their theological academy founded in 1673 at the Citadelle. From the beginning of the 19th century, the grammar school was to be housed in the premises of the monastery.

After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773 by a papal bull , Karl Philipp Theodor von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1724–1799), as the Palatinate and Bavarian elector, also sovereign in the Duchy of Jülich-Berg, instead of closing the Düsseldorf Jesuit College, changed it into an "Electoral High School" . The former Jesuits continued to provide the teaching staff; instead of Latin, German became a compulsory subject in all classes. The third foreign language was French, the “court language”.

The west entrance of the Görres-Gymnasium on Bastionstrasse.

In the course of the French occupation of the Rhineland, the "Electoral High School" was dissolved in 1803 and continued as a " Lyceum ". On November 20, 1805, the lyceum moved to the premises of the Franciscan monastery on Cidadellstrasse. The school kept its name as a lyceum even after the French left. As in the tripartite French school system, there were now primary schools (elementary schools), secondary schools (instead of grammar schools and Latin schools) and central schools (lyceums and special schools for the training of future civil servants). The former Franciscan monastery on Citadellstrasse remained the school building of the Lyceum. The lay school there was continued as a parish school, the Antoniuskirche set up as a parish church under the name Maxkirche . The pastor and the three chaplains of the Maxkirche as well as some professors of the lyceum received apartments in the now vacant convent building of the Franciscan monastery . The lyceum was financed by confiscated church property - in particular from the former Jesuit fund. Aegidius Schallmeyer, until then professor of theology at Bonn University, was appointed head of the lyceum. The college of the Lyceum worked in the spirit of enlightenment and neo-humanism with the aim of holistic personality development. The curriculum provided for the promotion of the German language. Like Latin and Greek, French was taught from first grade. In contrast to previous years, previous knowledge of Latin was no longer required, so there was no need for preliminary classes. The subject religion has been reduced. Subjects such as medicine, law and botany were now offered. The court gardener Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe was won over for the practical instruction on raising plants and trees . Astronomy, chemistry, drawing, mineralogy and architecture were also on the curriculum. Later subjects like natural history and astronomy also found their way, with an unchanged focus on Latin and Greek.

Design elements above the west entrance of the Görres-Gymnasium on Bastionstrasse. The symbol of wisdom (the owl) watches over the coat of arms of the symbol of industry (the bees).

One of the most famous students at the Lyceum was Heinrich Heine (1797-1856), who attended school from 1807 to 1814 and switched to a commercial school before graduation.

After the incorporation of Düsseldorf and the Grand Duchy of Berg into the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna , the Lyceum was converted into the “Royal Catholic Gymnasium” by the Prussian school authorities in 1814. The former Franciscan school continued to serve as the school building. The 14 teachers at the new Royal Catholic High School held the title of professor and were responsible for teaching 140 high school students (boys). The curriculum included 15 subjects: Greek literature, philosophy, mathematics and physics, history, Latin and Greek, German language and literature, French, drawing, Catholic religion, music and Roman literature. A teacher had to do 20 lessons a week.

In 1831 the school, which was now called “Königlich Prussisches Gymnasium” - more correctly: “Königliches Gymnasium Düsseldorf” - moved into a new school building (“the old box”) on Alleestraße, today Heinrich-Heine-Allee . There, opposite the Hotel Breidenbacher Hof , there is now a department store. After another renaming to "Königliches Hohenzollern-Gymnasium" took place on June 30, 1906 the move from the old school building to the building designed by Johannes Radke (1853-1938) on Bastionstrasse between Königsallee and Breitestrasse, in which the school has been located for over 110 years ago.

After the end of the rule of the Hohenzollern the school was renamed "Staatliches Hohenzollern-Gymnasium". During the National Socialist rule, the grammar school had to be renamed "Staatliches von-Reichenau-Gymnasium" in order to avoid renaming it to "Staatliches Adolf-Hitler-Gymnasium". The building was badly damaged during World War II and not completely rebuilt after the war. After the name "Staatliches Hohenzollern-Gymnasium" was initially adopted again, the school was given the new name "Görres-Gymnasium" in 1947 after the university teacher and Catholic journalist Joseph Görres (1776-1848).

In 1969 a new classroom building with a roof garden was completed on Königsallee. A building with a large music hall and gymnastics room was built on Breitestrasse. In the 1980s, the school booth was set up below these rooms. Both parts of the building have since been demolished, as parts of the school grounds were sold because of a hotel building on Königsallee. Since 1973 girls as well as boys have been allowed to attend school. Despite being de-typed in 1975, Latin has remained the first foreign language to this day. In addition to French and computer science, Class 9 also offers ancient Greek in the differentiation area. In addition to Latin, English has also been taught from the 5th grade since 2001.

In the period from 2003 to 2006, the old building was extensively renovated. The tower, which was destroyed in the war, was restored to its old form, as was the roof gable.

In 2014, a student from the school competed against an Indian student on the television show Galileo Schulwissen worldwide .

Library

The tower now houses the large teachers' library with over 20,000 books and an important old collection , including the Bibliotheca Vossiana , the library and the estate of the classical philologist Abraham Voss with manuscripts from his father, the poet and translator Johann Heinrich Voss .

Alumni Association

The Görres-Gymnasium maintains contacts with high school graduates of all ages through an alumni association. Every year, all former high school graduates are invited to the high school graduation ceremony and the evening meeting at school (formerly in the paint box). The alumni association also acts as a sponsorship association for the school.

Well-known teachers and students

  • Alexander Alvaro (* 1975), politician (FDP), student (Abitur 1994)
  • Martin Ammermann (* 1975), TV presenter (NBC Giga, center.tv etc.), pupil (Abitur 1994)
  • Gottfried Arnold (1933–2015), lawyer and politician (CDU), pupil (Abitur 1953)
  • Meinulf Barbers (* 1937), educator, promoter of Christian associations (Abitur 1956)
  • Heinz Bellen (1927–2002), ancient historian, pupil (Abitur 1947)
  • Johann Friedrich Benzenberg (1777–1846), physicist, geodesist, publicist, appointed in 1805 by the Elector of Bavaria as Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the Lyceum
  • Martin Boos (1762–1825), Roman Catholic priest, professor of religion at the Lyceum, teacher (1817–1819)
  • Heinrich Bone (1813–1893), philologist and pedagogue, teacher (after 1835–1838)
  • Friedrich August Burgmüller (1760–1824), pianist, bandmaster, conductor, first municipal music director in Düsseldorf, co-founder of the Niederrheinische Musikfest, teacher (after 1807)
  • Franz Cramer (classical philologist) (1860–1923), director 1908–1911
  • Klaus Dinger (1946–2008), musician, member of Kraftwerk , New! and La Düsseldorf
  • Josef Dohr (1904–1972), state chairman of the FDP
  • P. Kajetan (Johannes) Eßer OFM (1913–1978), Franciscan , Roman Catholic church historian, Franciscan researcher
  • Franz Fauth (1841–1905), theologian, senior teacher 1874–1879
  • Bernhard Fluck (1935–2013), senior director of studies a. D., teacher (1964–1972)
  • Hans Wilhelm Gäb (* 1936), former board member and supervisory board member of companies in the automotive industry, former table tennis national player, student (Abitur 1956)
  • Stefanie Gräfe (* 1979), chemist, professor of theoretical chemistry in Jena (Abitur 1998)
  • Philip Gröning (* 1959), filmmaker, winner of the European Film Prize, pupil (Abitur 1978)
  • Theodor von Guérard (1863–1943), lawyer, held various functions in administration, including the offices of Reich Minister of Transport, Reich Minister of Justice and Reich Minister for the occupied territories in the last years of the Weimar Republic.
  • Marcus Haefs (* 1969), musician and stadium DJ at Fortuna Düsseldorf , known as "Øpa Haefs" (Abitur 1990)
  • Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), poet, pupil (1807–1814)
  • Manfred Hermanns (* 1936), social scientist (Abitur 1956)
  • Hans Kloft (* 1939), ancient historian, pupil (Abitur 1959)
  • Michael Knoche (* 1951), German studies specialist and librarian (Abitur 1970)
  • Johann Wilhelm Kuithan (1760–1831), Prussian school reformer, from 1805 professor of Latin and Greek at the Lyceum
  • Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (1789–1866), historian and head of the Prussian Provincial Archives in Düsseldorf, today's main state archive, pupil (after 1798 – approx. 1806)
  • Gesine Manuwald (* 1974), classical philologist, pupil (Abitur 1993)
  • Wolfgang Neuhausen alias "Nemo" (* 1949), performing artist, student
  • Theodor Niemeyer (1857–1939), legal scholar, rector of the University of Kiel
  • Wolfgang Niersbach (* 1950), former President of the German Football Association (DFB)
  • Felix Otto (* 1983), world rowing champion, student (Abitur 2004)
  • Julius Plücker (1801–1868), professor of mathematics and physics, founder of line geometry, discoverer of cathode rays, 1835–1868 full professor at the University of Bonn, 1866 Copley Medal of the Royal Society , pupil up to the final exams (1816–1819)
  • Georg Quander (* 1950), opera and film director, music journalist, author, former director of the German State Opera Berlin, cultural manager and since 2005 cultural department of the city of Cologne, pupil (Abitur 1970)
  • Georg Schöllgen (* 1951), Roman Catholic theologian and church historian, university professor in Bonn and Aachen, pupil (Abitur 1970)
  • Werner Schöllgen (1893–1985) Professor of Moral Theology at the University of Bonn
  • Wolfgang Schulhoff (1939–2014), politician and member of the Bundestag (CDU) (Abitur 1959)
  • Christian Carl Theodor Ludwig Sethe (1798–1857), lawyer and civil servant, most recently secret finance councilor and provincial tax director in Stettin, school friend Heinrich Heines, pupil (after 1807)
  • Carl Sonnenschein (1876–1929), Catholic priest, pupil (after 1885 until graduation)
  • Joachim Starbatty (* 1940), economist, pupil (Abitur 1960)
  • Udo Steinbach (* 1943), Islamic scholar and from 1976 to 2007 head of the German Orient Institute, pupil (Abitur 1963)
  • Erich Vad (* 1957), officer in the Bundeswehr, group leader in the Federal Chancellery i. R.
  • Johannes Maria Verweyen (1883–1945), philosopher and theosophist, Nazi victim, pupil (Abitur 1902)
  • Michael Vesper (* 1952), sports official and former politician (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen), from 1995 to 2005 Minister of Construction and Deputy Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, student (Abitur 1970)
  • Stefan Vesper (* 1956), General Secretary of the Central Committee of German Catholics (ZdK)
  • Walter von Wecus (1893–1977), painter, graphic artist, architect, set designer and university professor.
  • Rudolf Weynand (1875–1952), classical philologist, archaeologist, local researcher (teacher 1903–1912)

Sources and literature

Web links

Commons : Görres-Gymnasium Düsseldorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the founding history cf. Gabriel Mattenclot († 1593): Rerum in Germania praecipue inferiore gestarum breuis commemoratio. In: Theodor Joseph Lacomblet (ed.): Archive for the history of the Lower Rhine 5 (1866), pp. 222–243, esp. Pp. 227f and p. 238f ( Google Books ).
  2. ↑ a b c In: Annual report on the school year of the Hohenzollern High School 1906/1907 . S. [9] 9.
  3. ^ In: Annual report on the school year of the Hohenzollern High School 1906/1907 . P. [10] 10.
  4. ↑ YouTube: School knowledge worldwide at Galileo , accessed on April 12, 2015
  5. ↑ Entry on the library in the manual of the historical book holdings online
  6. ^ Library of the Görres-Gymnasium - Hogwarts is located on Düsseldorfer Königsallee , rp-online from January 2, 2015, accessed on January 8, 2015