Heinrich Bone

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Heinrich Bone

Heinrich Bone (born September 25, 1813 in Drolshagen , † June 10, 1893 in Hattenheim , today a district of Eltville am Rhein ) was a German high school teacher .

Life

Heinrich Bone was born as the oldest of six children in Drolshagen in the Sauerland . His parents, Mathäus Bone and his wife Elisabeth born. Kramer, ran a small button factory, an inn and some agriculture there.

After attending primary school in his hometown, he first attended the Progymnasium in Attendorn and the Gymnasium Laurentianum in Arnsberg from 1825, and from 1830 the Petrinum Recklinghausen Gymnasium , where he graduated from high school in 1831. From 1832 to 1835 Bone studied classical philology , philosophy and theology in Bonn . After completing his studies with the examination for the higher teaching post, which he passed with distinction at the age of 22, he took up a position as a test teacher at the royal high school in Düsseldorf , today's Görres-Gymnasium (Düsseldorf) . Following the probationary year, he initially worked there as an assistant teacher and taught at the local secondary school until he was given a permanent position in 1838 at the Marzellengymnasium, today's Dreikönigsgymnasium , in Cologne. In Cologne he also gave German lessons at the “Höhere Töchterschule der Geschwister Schmitz”, which was led by his later wife Christine Schmitz and her sisters.

In 1841, Bone was appointed senior teacher at the newly founded Rhenish Knight Academy , today Silverberg-Gymnasium , in Bedburg / Erft. In the winter of 1850/1851 the Minister of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs awarded him the title of Professor .

In 1856 Bone became director of the Petrinum Recklinghausen grammar school . In 1859, at the request of Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler of Mainz, he was appointed director of the Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium in Mainz . In 1864 he was awarded the " Order of Merit of Philip the Magnanimous 1st Class " for his educational merits .

In the course of the Kulturkampf , after several attacks in the press from liberal circles, Bone was put into early retirement on April 3, 1873 because of his declared Catholic attitude, whereby the words "recognizing long-term, loyal service" were crossed out on the pension decree.

In 1876 the school authorities revoked the approval of his "reading book for higher education institutions" in Hesse and Prussia by decree . In 1882, after the death of his two sons, he temporarily moved to Wiesbaden, where he taught German at the Höhere Töchterschule. In 1890 he returned to Mainz, where his wife is buried. After a serious illness broke out in the winter of 1892, he moved to a daughter's friend in Hattenheim, where he died on June 10, 1893.

Heinrich Bone was buried in the Aureus cemetery in Mainz.

meaning

Correspondence

Heinrich Bone had a large circle of friends and acquaintances throughout his life. These include church dignitaries such as Cardinal Melchior von Diepenbrock of Breslau, Cardinal Johannes von Geissel and Cardinal Philipp Krementz of Cologne, Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler of Mainz, the later Bishop of Mainz Christoph Moufang , Bishop Paul Leopold Haffner of Mainz, Auxiliary Bishop Johann Anton Friedrich Baudri of Cologne, Bishop Konrad Martin of Paderborn, from whom 250 letters addressed to Bone alone have been received, as well as well-known personalities from the cultural field, such as For example, the gallery director and painter Philipp Veit , who founded the “Christian Art Association” with him, the painter Friedrich Overbeck , the musicians Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Max Bruch or the later freedom fighter and American politician Carl Schurz , who mentioned him in his memoirs expressly acknowledges. This list largely characterizes his position in the emerging culture war as a representative of ultramontanism . So he always interpreted his task as a pedagogue, like his entire life, out of his Catholic convictions.

pedagogy

Its educational and literary importance in the 19th century was based - in addition to other school books that were widely used - to a large extent on his "German Reading Book for Higher Educational Institutions", which appeared in two volumes and 67 editions since 1840 and became a standard work on German Gymnasiums became and also spread beyond the German borders in Belgium, Luxembourg and Austria until it was no longer approved for school use in Prussia and Hesse as a result of the Kulturkampf from 1876 and subsequently lost its importance.

Hymn

Beyond the 19th century, Bone gained importance primarily through his church hymn books , especially the cantata! , which appeared in seven editions between 1847 and 1879 and for the first time became a commonly used German-language hymn book in numerous German-speaking dioceses . With his hymn books, in which he often translated baroque and medieval texts into the language of his time, he brought traditional, pre-Enlightenment songs back into Catholic worship. His numerous new translations and text versions of older songs have partly survived to this day. Some of his independent new creations for church festivals and themes are still sung to this day.

In the common part of today's praise of God go back to him or his “Cantata!” (Mostly linguistically revised):

In the diocesan appendices you can find:

Heinrich Bone is - along with the older Joseph Mohr and Christoph Bernhard Verspoell - one of the most important representatives of the Catholic hymn in the time of the Catholic Restoration of the 19th century after the secularization through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

Honors

In Recklinghausen, Heinrich-Bone-Platz in the old town (in front of the grammar school church ) has been named after him since 2018 .

Publications

Independent publications

  • Poems . Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1838 (University Library Bonn, EDDB Cologne, StUB Cologne, ULB Düsseldorf) ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
  • Legends . Renard, Cologne 1839 (University Library Bonn, StUB Cologne, EDDB Cologne)
  • Violet seeds. New songs for children . Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1840; 1850 2 ; 3rd, illustr. Edition with 6 pictures in color print: Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1850 (University Library Bonn, EDDB Cologne, StUB Cologne) Reprint 1858; Cologne 1867 4
  • German reading book for higher educational establishments, initially for the lower and middle grades of grammar schools with regard to written work by the students , vol. 1. Dietz, Cologne 1840 (ULB Düsseldorf); Vol. 2: Ibid. 1853; 67 editions in total
  • Cantata! Catholic hymn book with prayers and devotions for all times and festivals of the church year ; Kirchheim, Schott and Thielmann, Mainz 1847; ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D-aVdAAAAcAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ); Schöningh Paderborn 1851. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DD7s-AAAAIAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ); 7th ed. 1879
  • Small cantata. Catholic hymn book along with a complete prayer and devotional book . Paderborn 1851; Edition for secondary schools: Schöningh, Paderborn 1859 (KPS Münster); Paderborn 1869 3
  • About the lyric point of view when interpreting and explaining lyric poems, with special consideration for Horace . Cologne 1851; Schöningh, Paderborn 1852 (ULB Münster)
  • Orate! Catholic prayer and devotional book ; Schöningh, Paderborn 1853; Benziger, Einsiedeln 1901 5
  • Sonnets . Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1856 (Bonn University Library, Düsseldorf University Library, Cologne University Library)
  • Book of the grandfathers or pictures and sayings from the life of the hermit . Schöningh, Paderborn 1863 (KPS Münster, EDDB Cologne)
  • Commemorative sheets for school and life. Talk . Herder, Freiburg / Br. 1873 (StUB Cologne, ULB Düsseldorf, KPS Münster)
  • The Te Deum . Foesser, Frankfurt / M. 1880 (KPS Münster)
  • About novels and reading novels . In: Frankfurter zeitgem. Brochures NF 1880, no.4, Foesser, Frankfurt / M. 1880, pp. 108-132 (ÖB Aachen, StUB Köln)

Dependent publications

  • Rheinische Provinzial-Blätter , 1832–1839 ( digitized version ) and ( digitized version )
  • Baehr: Rheinisch-Westfälisches Dichterbuch 1888 , pp. 329–331: Fleeting time ; To the child on the lap
  • God - Raßmann: Dt. Reader for subclasses of higher education institutions . Münster 1893 4 , pp. 244–246: The herd ; The cat and the dog ; The center of the garden ; The cottage
  • posthumously: Hüttemann 1898, p. 260 f .: Immortality ; Night prayer ; Gain in life ; The dream woman

Publication (partly with numerous own contributions)

  • German reading book for higher education institutions, initially for the lower and middle grades of grammar schools with regard to the written work of the students . Vol. 1. Dietz, Cologne 1840 (ULB Düsseldorf); Vol. 2: ibid. 1853; 67 editions in total
  • Cantata! Catholic hymn book with prayers and devotions for all times and festivals of the church year . Kirchheim, Schott and Thielmann, Mainz 1847 (SB Trier); Schöningh, Paderborn 1851 (KPS Münster); 1879 7
  • Melodies to the Catholic hymn book . Schöningh, Paderborn 1852 (StUB Cologne); Schöningh, Paderborn 1858 2 (StUB Cologne, KPS Münster)
  • Handbook for German teaching in the upper classes of grammar schools […] . Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1853; 6 editions
  • Small cantata. Catholic hymn book along with a complete prayer and devotional book . Paderborn 1851; Edition for secondary schools : Schöningh, Paderborn 1859 (KPS Münster); Paderborn, 1869 3
  • German poet pearls. A selection of the good and the beautiful from German poets since Haller . 2 vols. Harry and Cohnen, Bonn 1860 (ULB Münster, UB Bonn, StUB Köln)
  • Reading garden for the middle classes of higher daughter schools and similar institutions . Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1857 (1876 4 )
  • Gaudeamus igitur! 100 selected folk songs, initially for high schools, for gymnastics trips and social celebrations . Recklinghausen 1857; Coppenrath, Münster 1861 2
  • Latin poet. A selection for school use. With notes . 3 vols. Du Mont-Schauberg, Cologne 1870–1876 (StUB Cologne); 1876 2

literature

  • Kurt Abels: Denomination, World and German Lessons. Heinrich Bone (1813–1893) and his “German Reading Book”. In: Ortwin Beisbart, Helga Bleckwenn (eds.): German lessons and lifeworld in specialist history (=  contributions to the history of German lessons, 12). Frankfurt [u. a.] 1994; Pp. 115-130.
  • Kurt Abels: Heinrich Bone. In: Christoph König (Ed.), With the assistance of Birgit Wägenbaur u. a .: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950 . Volume 1: A-G. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4 .
  • Count Paul von Hoensbroech: 14 years Jesuit, personal and fundamental, two parts in one volume, content: The Jesuit teaching system, Emanuel von Ketteler, Adolf von Doß, Heinrich Bone, Jesuit order. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1909.
  • Heinrich Alois Keizer: Heinrich Bone, life picture of a German schoolboy and writer. Train 1897.
  • Cassian Stephan Lohmar, CR: Heinrich Bone (1813-1893). Life and work of a 19th century personality. Neustift 1993.
  • Franz Quantity: Heinrich Bone (1813/93). Mainz high school director and hymn poet. In: Yearbook for the Diocese of Mainz , vol. 2 (1947), pp. 33–40.
  • Werner Pelz: The impeachment of Heinrich Bone. A contribution to the Kulturkampf in the Diocese of Mainz. In: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History (AmrhKg), vol. 45 (1993), pp. 347–358.
  • Dietmar Rost : The Sauerland schoolboy and poet Heinrich Bone 1813 to 1893 . In: Sauerland 1993. pp. 68-69.
  • Klaus Schlupp: School, Church and State in the 19th Century. The Catholic elementary school in the Diocese of Mainz and the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt 1830–1877. Nordhausen 2005.
  • Rebecca Schmidt: Against the attraction of novelty, Catholic restoration in the 19th century - Heinrich Bone, Joseph Mohr, Guido Maria Dreves (= Mainz Hymnological Studies 15). 2004.
  • Ludger Linneborn, Georg Möllers, Michael Rembiak, Marco Zerwas (eds.): Heinrich Bone - philologist, pedagogue, Petriner. A scholarly life in the 19th century. Edition Petrinum, Recklinghausen 2018.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Gertrud Wegener: Literary life in Cologne 1750-1850 . Vol. 2: 1815–1840 (= contributions to the history of Cologne, language, individuality , vol. 78). Heimatverein Alt-Köln, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-937795-04-9 , p. 275.
  2. ^ Joseph Kehrein : Biographical-literary lexicon of Catholic German poets, folk and youth writers in the 19th century . Woerl, Zurich 1868, p. 31.
  3. ↑ Werner Pelz: The impeachment of Heinrich Bone. A contribution to the Kulturkampf in the Diocese of Mainz. In: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History , vol. 45 (1993), pp. 347–358.
  4. ↑ Andreas Heinz : Marienlieder of the 19th century and their liturgy . In: Trier theologische Zeitschrift , vol. 97 (1988), pp. 106-134.
  5. ↑ Michael Rembiak: Forecourt of the grammar school church dedicated to the memory of Heinrich Bone , June 22, 2019, accessed on February 24, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Bone, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German high school teacher
DATE OF BIRTH September 25, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH Drolshagen
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1893
Place of death Hattenheim