Bruno Rossi Prize

The Bruno Rossi Prize is awarded annually by the American Astronomical Society's Department of High Energy Physics , "for a significant contribution to high-energy astrophysics, with an emphasis on new and original work". It is named in honor of the astrophysicist Bruno Rossi .

Award winners

• 1985: William R. Forman and Christine Jones Forman for pioneering work on the X-ray emission of early galaxies and the knowledge that these are generally X-ray sources (soft X-rays from gas corons).
• 1986: Allan S. Jacobson for pioneering work in high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy in astronomy with references to nucleosynthesis processes in galaxies. His spectrometer in the High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 (1979/80) discovered gamma radiation of 1.8 MeV from the decay of aluminum 26 in the galactic plane and provided the first indication that elements of medium atomic weight are still produced in our galaxy, for example in supernovae or novae.
• 1987: Michiel van der Klis for the discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) in the X-ray flux of GX5-1 as an example of an X-ray binary star system in which a neutron star subtracts mass from the companion star. This led to the discovery of further QPO and methods to determine the rotation period of neutron stars in these systems.
• 1988: Rashid Sunyaev for his contributions to the understanding of cosmic X-ray sources and especially of accretion disks around black holes, the X-ray spectra of compact objects and the discovery of the hard X-ray radiation of the supernova 1987 A with Mir .
• 1989: The experimental teams of the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven experiment and von Kamioka (discovery of neutrinos by SN 1987A )
• 1990: Stirling Colgate for predicting the generation of neutrinos during the nuclear collapse of supernovae and uncovering the important role of neutrinos in the dynamics and investigation of supernovae.
• 1991: John Alexander Simpson for his significant contributions to the understanding of cosmic rays, comets, solar activity and his pioneering role in the development of neutron detectors.
• 1992: Gerald H. Share for using the gamma ray spectrometer of the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) to investigate gamma rays from supernovae, from the galaxy, from solar flares and gamma flashes.
• 1993: Giovanni Bignami and Jules Halpern for their contributions to solving the riddle of Geminga .
• 1994: Gerald Fishman for contributions to the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (BATSE) and observations on gamma-ray flashes.
• 1995: Carl Fichtel for his key role in the development of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, his leading role in EGRET and the discovery of gamma ray blazars with EGRET.
• 1996: Felix Mirabel and Luis F. Rodriguez for their discovery of double-sided radio jets in the galactic sources 1E1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258 and faster than light radio nodes in the galactic source GRS 1915 + 105.
• 1997: Trevor C. Weekes for his key role in the development of high energy gamma-ray astronomy and the discovery of gamma radiation in the TeV range from the Crab Nebula and Mrk 421.
• 1998: The BeppoSAX team (represented by Livio Scali ) and Jan van Paradijs for the discovery of the afterglow in the visible and X-ray range of gamma-ray flashes that made it possible to determine the distance.
• 1999: Jean Swank and Hale Bradt for the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and the observations made with it on compact astrophysical objects with high time resolution.
• 2000: Peter Mészáros , Bohdan Paczyński and Martin Rees for the development of theoretical models of gamma-ray flashes and their afterglow
• 2001: Andrew Fabian and Yasuo Tanaka for discovering the broad iron K spectral lines in active galactic nuclei with the ASCA satellite, which are indications of the strong gravitational field of black holes there.
• 2002: Leon Van Speybroeck for the image quality of the optics in the Chandra X-ray satellite
• 2003: Robert C. Duncan , Christopher Thompson and Chryssa Kouveliotou for Magnetare
• 2004: Harvey Tananbaum and Martin Weisskopf for the Chandra X-ray satellite
• 2005: Stan Woosley for research on nucleosynthesis, supernova mechanisms and especially the collapsar model of gamma-ray flashes .
• 2006: Deepto Chakrabarty , Tod Strohmayer and Rudy Wijnands for pioneering work on millisecond pulsars and intensity fluctuations in the kilohertz range as diagnostic tools for binary stars with a neutron star that subtracts mass from the normal companion.
• 2007: Neil Gehrels and the Swift team for the study of gamma-ray bursts and especially precise localization of short gamma-ray bursts and the observation of enormous X-ray bursts in the afterglow of the gamma-ray bursts
• 2008: Steve Allen , Pat Henry , Maxim Markevitch and Alexey Vikhlinin for pioneering work on the study of galaxy clusters and their development with X-ray satellites and the use of galaxy clusters for cosmic distance measurement
• 2009: Charles D. Bailyn , Jeffrey E. McClintock, and Ronald A. Remillard for measuring the masses of galactic black holes
• 2010: Felix A. Aharonian , Werner Hofmann , Heinrich J. Völk and the HESS working group
• 2011: Bill Atwood , Peter Michelson and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope group
• 2012: Marco Tavani and the AGILE team for the discovery of flickering gamma rays in the Crab Nebula
• 2013: Alice K. Harding and Roger W. Romani for their theoretical work on gamma-ray pulsars
• 2014: Douglas Finkbeiner , Tracy Slatyer , Meng Su for their discovery of a previously unknown galactic structure, the Fermi bubbles .
• 2015: Fiona Harrison for fundamental work on supernova residues, neutron stars and black holes with NuSTAR, the first X-ray satellite for wavelengths below 0.1 nanometers or X-ray energies above 10 keV.
• 2016: Niel Brandt , for depth-first search with the Chandra X-ray satellite (Chandra Deep Field) and the investigation of the development of supermassive black holes in co-evolution with their host galaxy.
• 2017: Gabriela González and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) for their contributions to the detection of gravitational waves
• 2018: Colleen Wilson-Hodge and the team of the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor ( Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope ) for the detection of a gamma-ray flash when two neutron stars merge
• 2019: Brian Metzger and Daniel Kasen for their theoretical predictions of the electromagnetic emission from radioactive nuclei that are formed during neutron star fusions. These predictions were confirmed by observations of the 2017 neutron star fusion gravitational wave event and provided the first convincing evidence for the astrophysical event of rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis.
• 2020: Sheperd Doeleman and the team from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) for their milestone-setting image and analysis of the first shadow of a black hole.

Web links

• Rossi Prize website , award winners

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Breaking News: Fermi's GBM Team wins 2018 Rossi Prize. In: fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov. January 12, 2018, accessed January 18, 2018 .