Brycon hilarii

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Brycon hilarii
Piraputangas in the Rio da Prata in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Piraputangas in the Rio da Prata in Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil

Systematics
Otophysa
Order : Tetras (Characiformes)
Family : Bryconidae
Subfamily : Bryconinae
Genre : Brycon
Type : Brycon hilarii
Scientific name
Brycon hilarii
( Valenciennes , 1850)

Brycon hilarii , known asPiraputangain Brazil , is one of the characiformes in South America .

Occurrence and habitat

Brycon hilarii occurs in South America in the catchment area of ​​the Río Paraguay in Brazil , Paraguay and Argentina . Little is known about the population genetics of this species. A larger survey was carried out between Padre Island and the Rio Miranda , but the results were falsified by the large amount of artificial food. The 697 kilometer long Rio Miranda is one of the largest bodies of water in the floodplain of the Pantanal and forms numerous marginal and nutrient-rich lagoons in the rainy season, which are preferred by Brycon hilarii because of their rich food supply .

description

The fish have a compact and streamlined build. They have a terminal mouth and relatively large eyes. The color ranges from green, blue to yellowish on the back and sides. Their anal and caudal fins have a strong orange color. It is characterized by a black stripe that extends from the middle of the caudal fin to the middle of the body. Brycon hilarii is a maximum of 56 centimeters long and 3.4 kilograms.

Way of life

Brycon hilarii is rheophilic and prefers to live in clear and oxygen-rich waters. They are omnivorous and feed mostly on fruits, seeds and insects. The relationship between the uptake of the fruit by the fish and the spread of the seeds was recently investigated in the Rio Formoso. Investigations of the stomach contents showed a composition of 24% animal food (arthropods, snails and small vertebrates), 31% seeds and fruits and 45% other plant material (algae, macrophytes, leaves, flowers). The piraputanga feeds on 12 types of fruit and plays an important role in the distribution of eight plant species. Fruits with a soft seed larger than 10 millimeters are broken down, but all other plant species with small seeds such as Ficus ssp. or Psidium ssp , as well as a hard-seeded species ( Chrysophyllum gonocarpum ) are dispersed. Piraputangas eat more fruit during the dry season before they start their spawning migration. During the spawning ascent, they no longer eat any food. In the gallery forests of the Rio Formoso there is no tree species whose distribution depends exclusively on B. hilarii, because they are also distributed by birds and mammals. The piraputanga has a share of about 50% of the seed distribution there, but plays an important role in the distribution over longer distances. Thus, a decline in the piraputanga population also has a negative impact on the bank flora. The diet of the fish species is to a large extent linked to natural bank vegetation. The pre-spawning season begins in October. During the rainy season (November to February), the Piraputanga undertakes long spawning migrations in its distribution area of ​​the Rio Paraguay. It was found that there can be different migration patterns of the respective population in a water body. Different populations that claim the same habitat and open up the same habitat in search of food can separate during the spawning season and spawn in different regions. A genetic variation in the spawning schools of B. hilarii was found in the river basin of the Rio Miranda.

Economical meaning

Due to its very tasty meat, it is a popular food fish and anglers like to catch it. Piraputangas are also kept in pond farms and aquacultures.

Relationship with people

In the Bodoquena highlands near Bonito in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil and the surrounding waters such as the Rio Prata or Rio Formoso, it is one of the tourist attractions in this area for divers and ecotourists due to its strong color in the clear water. The fish can be observed in large schools in its natural environment and has become a kind of symbol for nature-friendly environmental tourism. However, it has also been observed that the ichtyofauna changes in its diversity and species diversity due to the influx of visitors and artificial feeding.

Endangerment status

The population of Brycon hilarii has declined dramatically over the past 20 years. The causes are deforestation, hydraulic engineering (dams), irrigation for agriculture , water pollution and overfishing.

Web links

Commons : Brycon hilarii  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ a b c Brycon hilarii on Fishbase.org (English)
  2. ↑ a tributary of the Rio Paraguay
  3. ^ A b c d e A. Sanches and PM Galetti Jr: Genetic evidence of population structuring in the neotropical freshwater fish Brycon hilarii (Valenciennes, 1850), Brazilian Journal of Biology 2007, pp. 889-95 (PDF; PDF; 430 kB)
  4. ↑ flow-loving
  5. ↑ a b c d e Paula Reys, José Sabino and Mauro Galetti: Frugivory by the fish Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in Western Brazil, Acta Oecologica, Vol. 35, Jan.-Feb. 2009
  6. ↑ Guavas
  7. ↑ Fruits with soft seeds larger than 10 mm were triturated, but all species with small seeds (eg Ficus, Psidium) and one species with large hard seed were dispersed.
  8. ↑ Danieli Zuntini, Wagner Vicentin, Fábio Edir dos Santos Costa1, Simone Pereira Marques, Edmara Guimarães Barboza: Alimentação natural da Piraputanga, Brycon hilarii (Teleostei- Characidae) no Rio Miranda, Município de Jardim, MS - Projeto Piracema 2004 (PDF, PDF ; 220 kB)
  9. ^ “Although different populations may occupy and explore the river together, they segregate during the spawning season and consequently the population genetic structuring is maintained. Genetic variation of a Brycon hilarii spawning school and samples from different collection sites in the Miranda River basin were surveyed using seven microsatellites. Population structuring was revealed by a significant differentiation of the spawning school related to the supposed local populations. The genetic differentiation detected may be supported by behavior during the reproductive season that promotes the maintenance of the genetic integrity of different populations. During flood seasons, Neotropical freshwater migratory fish form large schools that swim upstream at reproduction time. Although different populations may occupy and explore the river together, they segregate during the spawning season and consequently the population genetic structuring is maintained. Homing behavior (Gerking, 1959; Hatanaka et al., 2006) and spawning waves (Jorgensen et al., 2005) have been hypothesized as mechanisms responsible for maintaining the genetic cohesiveness of a fish population. "
  10. ↑ Alexandra Sanches and Pedro Manoel Galetti Jr .: Population genetic structure revealed by a school of the freshwater migratory fish, Brycon hilarii Lat. At the. J. Aquat. Res., 40 (2): 408-417, 2012
  11. ^ Parque Ecológico Rio Formoso Bonito / MS, Mato Grosso do Sul