Guavas

Guavas
	Real guava ( Psidium guajava ), ; fruit cut open on the left and right
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family :	Myrtle family (Myrtaceae)
Genre :	Guavas
Scientific name
	Psidium
	L.

The guavas ( Psidium ), also called guayavas , are a genus of plants in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). This genus has a purely neotropical distribution.

description

Illustration of real guava ( Psidium guajava )

Illustration of the strawberry guava ( Psidium cattleyanum ) from John Lindley : Collectanea botanica , 1821

Appearance, bark and leaves

Psidium species are woody plants and grow as evergreens, shrubs, or small trees . The bark is gray and smooth. The bark of the branches is hairy. The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blades have pinnate veins .

blossoms

The flowers stand individually or in pairs in the leaf axils over two bracts . The relatively large hermaphroditic flowers are four to fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The bell-shaped to jug-shaped flower cup (hypanthium) is fused with the ovary. The four or five sepals are unequal. The four or five petals are white. In many circles there are many stamens with ellipsoidal anthers. The lower ovary is four-, five- or multi-chambered. There are numerous ovules in each ovary chamber . The rulers stylus ends in an extended scar .

Fruits and seeds

The spherical to pear-shaped, fleshy berries contain many seeds. The durable sepals can be seen on the berry. The well-developed placenta is fleshy. The seeds have a hard seed coat and a curved embryo with a long hypocotyl , two cotyledons short ( cotyledons ).

Systematics and distribution

In 1753, Carl von Linné established the genus Psidium with the type species Psidium guajava L. in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 470. Synonyms for Psidium L. are: Calyptropsidium O.Berg , Corynemyrtus (Kiaersk.) Mattos , Cuiavus Trew , Episyzygium Suess. & A.Ludw. , Guajava Mill. , Guayaba Noronha nom. nud., Mitropsidium Burret .

The genus Psidium belongs to the tribe Myrteae in the subfamily Myrtoideae within the family Myrtaceae .

The species of the neotropical genus Psidium thrive in tropical to subtropical areas. The Caribbean islands are a center of biodiversity; around 22 species are endemic to Cuba alone.

Foliage leaves and fruit of Psidium firmum

Fruits of Psidium friedrichsthalianum

Young fruit of Psidium grandifolium

Common guava leaves and flowers ( Psidium guajava )

Foliage leaves and fruits of the real guava ( Psidium guajava )

Bark of real guava ( Psidium guajava )

Flower of Psidium guineense

Foliage leaves and fruit of Psidium guineense

Foliage leaves and fruits of Psidium longipetiolatum

Fruits of Psidium myrtoides

Fruit of Psidium salutare var. Pohlianum

The genus Psidium includes 91 to 150 species:

Psidium acidum (Mart. Ex DC.) Landrum (Syn .: Psidium apiculatum Mattos ): It occurs from Ecuador to Peru and Brazil.
Psidium acranthum Urb. : This endemic occurs only in the Dominican Republic .
Psidium acunae Borhidi : This endemic occurs only in Cuba .
Psidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC. (Syn .: Psidium persoonii McVaugh ): It is common in tropical South America.
Psidium albescens Urb. : This endemic occurs in Jamaica .
Psidium amplexicaule Pers. (Syn .: Psidium dumetorum Proctor , Psidium harrisianum Urb. , Psidium sessilifolium Alain ): It occurs in the Caribbean and northeastern Brazil.
Psidium appendiculatum Kiaersk. : It occurs in the Lesser Antilles, in northern Venezuela and in eastern Brazil.
Psidium araucanum Soares-Silva & Proença : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium australe Cambess. : The three varieties are common from Venezuela to Paraguay:
- Psidium australe var. Argenteum (O.Berg) Landrum
- Psidium australe var. Australe
- Psidium australe var. Suffruticosum (O.Berg) Landrum
Psidium bahianum Landrum & Funch : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
Psidium balium Urb. : This endemic occurs only in eastern Cuba.
Psidium brevifolium Alain : This endemic occurs only in the Dominican Republic.
Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC. : It occurs from Venezuela to eastern Brazil.
Psidium calyptranthoides Alain : This endemic is only found in Puerto Rico .
Strawberry guava ( Psidium cattleyanum Afzel. Ex Sabine , Syn .: Psidium littorale Raddi , Psidium arboreum Vell. ): It occurs in eastern and southern Brazil and in Uruguay.
Psidium cauliflorum Landrum & Sobral : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
Psidium celastroides Urb. : This endemic occurs only in Cuba.
Psidium cymosum Urb. : This endemic occurs only in western Cuba.
Psidium densicomum Mart. ex DC. : It is common in tropical South America.
Psidium dictyophyllum Urb. & Ekman : This endemic occurs only on Hispaniola .
Psidium donianum O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium eugenii Kiaersk. : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Psidium firmum O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O.Berg) Nied. (Costa Rica Guava or Cas Guava): It is common from southern Mexico to eastern Venezuela.
Psidium fulvum McVaugh : It occurs in Peru.
Galapagos guava ( Psidium galapagaeum Hook. F. ): This endemic occurs only in the Galapagos .
Psidium ganevii Landrum & Funch : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
Psidium gaudichaudianum Proença & Faria : The species first described in 2017 occurs in Brazil.
Psidium giganteum Mattos : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium glaziovianum Kiaersk. : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Psidium grandifolium Mart. ex DC. (Syn .: Psidium cinereum Mart. Ex DC. ): It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay.
Psidium grazielae Tuler & MCSouza : The species first described in 2017 occurs in Brazil.
Real guava ( Psidium guajava L. , Syn .: Psidium cujavillus Burm. F. , Psidium pomiferum L. , Psidium pumilum Vahl , Psidium pyriferum L. , Psidium globosum Larrañaga ): Home is the tropical and subtropical America.
Psidium guayaquilense Landrum & Cornejo : The species first described in 2016 occurs in Ecuador.
Guinea-Guava ( Psidium guineense Sw. , Syn .: Psidium hians Mart. Ex DC. ): It is distributed from Mexico to tropical South America.
Psidium guyanense Pers. : It occurs from northern South America to northern Brazil.
Psidium haitiense Alain : This endemic is only found in Haiti .
Psidium × hasslerianum Barb. Rodr. (= Psidium guajava × Psidium guineense ): It is widespread in tropical Central and South America.
Psidium hotteanum Urb. & Ekman : This endemic occurs only in Haiti.
Psidium huanucoense Landrum : It occurs in Peru.
Psidium inaequilaterum O.Berg : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Psidium itanareense O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium jacquinianum (O.Berg) Mattos : It probably occurs in South America.
Psidium jakuscianum Borhidi : This endemic occurs only in Cuba.
Psidium kennedyanum Morong : It occurs in Brasiliane, Paraguay and northeast Argentina.
Psidium langsdorffii O.Berg : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais .
Psidium laruotteanum Cambess. : It occurs from Costa Rica to Paraguay .
Psidium longipetiolatum D.Legrand : It occurs in southern Brazil.
Psidium lourteigiae D.Legrand : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium loustalotii Britton & P.Wilson : It occurs in Cuba.
Psidium macahense O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium maribense Mart. ex DC. : It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela and northern Brazil.
Psidium minutifolium Krug & Urb. : This endemic occurs only in northeastern Cuba.
Psidium misionum D.Legrand : It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
Mountain guava ( Psidium montanum Sw. ): This endemic occurs only in Jamaica.
Psidium munizianum Borhidi : This endemic occurs only in Cuba.
Psidium myrsinites DC. : It occurs in Bolivia and Brazil.
Psidium myrtoides O.Berg (Syn .: Psidium canum Mattos :): It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium nannophyllum Alain : This endemic occurs only in the Dominican Republic.
Psidium navasense Britton & P.Wilson : This endemic occurs only in eastern Cuba.
Psidium nummularia (C.Wright ex Griseb.) C.Wright : This endemic occurs only in Cuba.
Psidium nutans O.Berg : It occurs in tropical Central and South America.
Psidium oblongatum O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium oblongifolium O.Berg : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Psidium occidentale Landrum & Parra-Os. : It was first described from Ecuador in 2014.
Psidium oligospermum Mart. ex DC. (Syn .: Psidium claraense Urb. , Psidium sartorianum (O.Berg) Nied. ): It occurs from Mexico to tropical America.
Psidium oncocalyx Burret : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
Psidium orbifolium Urb. : This endemic occurs only in southeastern Cuba.
Psidium ovale (Spreng.) Burret : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium parvifolium (Griseb.) Griseb. : This endemic occurs only in Cuba.
Psidium pedicellatum McVaugh : It occurs in Colombia and Ecuador .
Psidium pigmeum Arruda : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Psidium raimondii Burret : It occurs in Peru.
Psidium ramboanum Mattos : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium ratterianum Proença & Soares-Silva : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium refractum O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium reptans (D.Legrand) Soares-Silva & Proença : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium reversum Urb. : This endemic occurs only in eastern Cuba.
Psidium rhombeum O.Berg : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
Psidium riparium Mart. ex DC. : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium robustum O.Berg : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium rostratum McVaugh : It occurs in Peru.
Psidium rotundatum Griseb. : This endemic occurs only in Cuba.
Psidium rotundidiscum Proença & Tuler : The species first described in 2016 occurs in Brazil.
Psidium rufum Mart. ex DC. : It occurs in Brazil.
Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav. Ex G.Don : It occurs in Peru.
Psidium salutare (Kunth) O.Berg : Since 2003 there are five varieties:
- Psidium salutare var. Decussatum (DC.) Landrum : It occurs in Brazil.
- Psidium salutare var. Mucronatum (Cambess.) Landrum : It occurs from Brazil, through Uruguay and Paraguay to northern Argentina.
- Psidium salutare var. Pohlianum (O.Berg) Landrum : It occurs from southern Venezuela and Bolivia to Brazil.
- Psidium salutare (Kunth) O.Berg var. Salutare : It occurs from southern Mexico to tropical South America.
- Psidium salutare var. Sericeum (Cambess.) Landrum : It occurs from Bolivia and Paraguay to Uruguay.
Psidiumschenckianum Kiaersk. : It occurs in northeastern Brazil.
Psidium scopulorum Ekman & Urb. : This endemic occurs only in western Cuba.
Psidium sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Alain : This endemic occurs only in Puerto Rico.
Psidium sobralianum Landrum & Proença : It was first described in 2015 from Brazil and occurs there from Pará to Ceará .
Psidium sorocabense O.Berg : It occurs in southeastern Brazil.
Psidium striatulum DC. : It occurs from northern South America to Brazil.
Psidium tenuirame Urb. : This endemic occurs only in eastern Cuba.
Psidium trilobum Urb. & Ekman : This endemic occurs only in Haiti.

use

Some species provide fruit .

More pictures

Strawberry guava ( Psidium cattleyanum Afzel. Ex Sabine , Syn .: Psidium littorale Raddi ):

Leaves and flowers
Unripe fruits
ripe fruits
Harvested fruits

Notice

Despite the similarity, the Brazilian guava ( Acca sellowiana ) does not belong to this genus.

swell

Jie Chen & Lyn A. Craven: Myrtaceae : Psidium , p. 331 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 (Description and Distribution Sections)

Individual evidence

↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
↑ Psidium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Psidium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 1, 2020.
^ ^A ^b Psidium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Guavas ( Psidium ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[biodiversitylibrary-1] First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[tropicos-2] Psidium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Psidium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 1, 2020.

[GRIN-4] A ^b Psidium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.