Bunje (cantilever vault construction)
Bunje is the name of cantilever vault buildings made of dry stone, which can be found in Dalmatia in southern Croatia . Their peculiarity is that, like the Tholos buildings in other European countries ( Borie , Girna, etc.), they represent an architecture made of unprocessed field stones from prehistoric times.
The stone round huts are a characteristic landmark in the fields of Brač , where they were used as refuge by the farm workers. There are free-standing ones and those that are embedded in a pile of reading stones . There are hundreds on the island. There are some with an anteroom and many other details, but also very simple ones.
research
Their archaeological , architectural and ethnological relevance has been researched since the mid- 19th century . The German scholar Gerhard Rohlfs researched structures with domed ceilings in Europe for more than 30 years . In 1957 he published the result in the book: Primitive Domed Buildings in Europe . It provides information about similar huts ( trullo ) in Italy , Sardinia , Spain , Portugal , France , Ireland , the Hebrides and other countries. By means of comparison, he showed how much old Europe was covered by dome-shaped ceiling structures.
Another form of rustic cantilever vault building that is widespread on the eastern side of the Adriatic, especially in Istria , is the Kažun .
See also
literature
- Aleksandra Faber: The "Bunje" on the north-east coast of the Adriatic and the Problema della loro Origini. In: Atti del XV Congresso di Storia dell'Architettura L'architettura a Malta dalla preistoria all'Ottocento. Malta, 11-16 September 1967 (= Atti del Congresso Nazionale di Storia dell'Architettura. 15, 1967, ZDB -ID 801088-2 ). Centro di Studi per la Storia dell'Architettura, Rome 1970, pp. 237-246.
- Gerhard Rohlfs : Primitive domed buildings in Europe (= Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Treatises. NF 43, ISSN 0005-710X ). Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 1957.