Kažun

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Spread of rustic cantilever vaulted buildings
Kažun
Kažun as a corner boundary in a dry stone wall in Kanfanar
Kažun in the “Park of Stone Huts” near Vodnjan

The Kažun (plur. Kažuni ) is a type of dry stone wall up to 30 m² in size with a cantilever vaulting that occurs in the Croatian part of Istria .

description

The Kažuni used to be used as a shelter for farmers and shepherds.

Their peculiarity is that, like the Tholos buildings in other European countries ( Borie , Girna , etc.) they represent an architecture that has been handed down from prehistoric times and was built from unprocessed field stones. The origin of the Kažun cannot be linked to an ethnic group.

The one-room buildings in the southern and western parts of Istria are most common. Round Kažuni are typical of southern Istria, square shapes are found in northern Istria, especially in the area around Poreč. The prehistoric architecture has not disappeared during the Roman era or under other influences and has been preserved in its original form to this day.

research

Their archaeological , architectural and ethnological relevance has been researched since the mid- 19th century . The German scholar Gerhard Rohlfs researched structures with domed ceilings in Europe for more than 30 years . In 1957 he published the result in the book: Primitive Domed Buildings in Europe . It provides information about similar huts ( trullo ) in Italy , Sardinia , Spain , Portugal , France , Ireland , the Hebrides and other countries. By means of comparison, he showed how much old Europe was covered by dome-shaped ceiling structures.

Another form of rustic cantilever vault construction that is widespread on the eastern side of the Adriatic, especially in Dalmatia , is the bunje .

Park of the stone huts

In and around the city of Vodnjan there is the greatest concentration of Kažuni in the entire Mediterranean region.
On the road to Bale is the park of the stone huts . In the small open-air museum, Kažuni are shown in various construction phases.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Rohlfs : Primitive domed buildings in Europe (= Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Treatises. NF 43, ISSN  0005-710X ). Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 1957.

Web links

Commons : Kažun  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information board at the “Park of Stone Huts” near Vodnjan. ( Croatian / Italian / English / German )