Nimptsch Castle
The castle Nimptsch ( Polish Zamek Niemcza ) is one of the oldest castles in Silesia from the 10th century. The structural remains are on a mountain cone in today's city of Niemcza (Eng. Nimptsch ) in the powiat Dzierżoniowski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .
history
The origins of the castle go back to the district suburb of the Vandals in the 4th century. When the Slavs immigrated, the Silinger tribe still settled there. In 990 the castle , which previously belonged to Bohemia, was conquered by the Poles . The place name "Nemzi", documented in writing by Monachus Sazavensis from the Sázava Monastery , is the oldest traditional place name in Silesia. The word "Nemzi" ( mute , foreigner , later used for Germans ) refers to the settlement of the Germanic Silingians in this area .
Thietmar von Merseburg reports in 1017 that the siege by Emperor Heinrich II was unsuccessful , and Duke Břetislav II of Bohemia also failed in 1093. The castle played a key role in a network of castles, which included the castles Groß Wilkau , Burg Vogelsang and Silbitz , Schlaupitz , Stochendorf , Ellgut , Tepliwoda , Guhlau , Rudelsdorf , Wättrisch belonged.
From 1155 it was used as a castellan's castle , and in 1288 a palace chapel was established. Around 1295, the fortifications were expanded, the castle was rebuilt in stone and the city wall with two city gates, which is still partially preserved today, took place. Nimptsch thus assumed a key position, as it was surrounded by other castles (Groß-Wilkau, Ellgut, Guhlau , Wättrisch). In 1329 the town and castle Nimptsch fell under the feudal sovereignty of the Crown of Bohemia . During the Hussite Wars , the castle fell into the hands of the Hussites , who withdrew in 1434. After that the castle was completely destroyed.
In the Thirty Years War, Nimptsch was captured by Sweden in 1633 and besieged by Wallenstein. The castle was destroyed by a fire in 1735, but was restored.
In 1585 the castle was rebuilt and expanded as a palace in the Renaissance style by the Brieger Duke Duke Georg II . Originally the walls were decorated with sgraffito decorations. As the so-called "Hedwigsburg", the castle was converted into the residence of the Dukes of Nimptsch. During the Thirty Years' War the town of Nimptsch was captured by the troops of Wallenstein and Torstensson and burned down, the castle was preserved. A city fire destroyed parts of the castle in 1735, the reconstruction was not carried out until 1830 as an unadorned structure, in which only the octagon from the Renaissance period with valuable sgraffito design remained from the old castle . After that the building was used in different ways, e.g. B. as a district court, church and local history museum.
In 1945 the town and castle were taken over by the Polish administration, after which the buildings fell into disrepair, so that in 1964 the octagon of the castle was demolished. The remaining parts of the castle were converted into a factory.
See also
literature
- Helmut Sieber : Schlösser in Schlesien , Weidlich, Frankfurt / Main, 1971, pp. 56–57
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 43 '8.9 " N , 16 ° 50' 7.5" E