Castle order
The so-called castle order describes the measures taken by Henry I , King of Eastern Franconia , in November 926 to counteract future Hungarian invasions .
As King of East Franconia, Heinrich faced several Hungarian invasions in 919, 924 and 926 without power. However, a Hungarian leader was captured in 926 and a nine-year truce was bought for his release. However, the tributes still had to be paid. Immediately after the conclusion of the armistice, Heinrich initiated measures against the Hungarians on a farm conference in Worms in November 926 . Since Carl Erdmann's study (1943), the result of these consultations has been referred to in medieval studies as the “castle order”.
Widukind von Corvey narrates the measures in a single chapter: from among the rural warriors ( agrarii milites ) he selected every ninth person and let him live in the castles so that he could build apartments for his eight other comrades. He also had to keep a third of the harvest of his eight comrades. He was relieved of field work himself. The remaining eight should take over the management of the ninth. In addition, the court days and all markets and feasts should be held in the castles. In the period from 800 to 1000, so-called ring walls are characteristic of the castles . They surrounded an area of up to 15 hectares in a ring. Other measures also included the establishment of a powerful cavalry troop ( Panzerreiter ). The struggle against the pagan Elbe Slavs was intensified in 928/29 in preparation for the upcoming struggle against the Hungarians.
swell
- Widukind von Corvey : Widukinds Saxony history. In: Sources on the history of the Saxon imperial era. Translated by Albert Bauer, Reinhold Rau (Freiherr vom Stein Memorial Edition, Volume 8), Darmstadt 1971, pp. 1–183.
literature
- Charles R. Bowlus: The Battle of Lechfeld and its Aftermath, August 955. The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West. Aldershot, Burlington 2006, ISBN 0-7546-5470-2 , pp. 45-71.
- Martin Last: Castle building regulations of Heinrich I. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 2, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1983, ISBN 3-7608-8902-6 , Sp. 1003 f.
- Carl Erdmann : Die Burgenordnung Heinrichs I. In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters , Vol. 6, 1943, S. 59-101, reprint in: Helmut Beumann (Ed. And inserted): Ottonische Studien. Darmstadt 1968, pp. 131-173.
- Heinrich Büttner : On the castle building regulations of Heinrich I. In: Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte , Vol. 92, 1956, pp. 1–17 ( online ).
- Kurt-Ulrich Jäschke: Castle building and national defense around 900. Considerations on examples from Germany, France and England (= lectures and research. Special volume. Vol. 16). Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1975, ISBN 3-7995-6676-7 ( digitized version ).
- Matthias Springer : Agrarii milites . In: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte , Vol. 66, 1994, pp. 129–166 ( free access to the digital edition of the magazine volume , PDF).
- Wolfgang Giese : Heinrich I. founder of the Ottonian rule. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-534-18204-6 , p. 104 f.
Remarks
- ↑ Carl Erdmann: Die Burgenordnung Heinrichs I. In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Vol. 6, 1943, S. 59-101.
- ^ Widukind: History of Saxony I, 35.
- ^ Wolfgang Giese: Heinrich I. founder of the Ottonian rule. Darmstadt 2008, p. 101.
- ↑ Widukind: Sachsengeschichte I, 38.